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Crop Diversity and Resilience to Droughts: Evidence from Indian Agriculture

Author

Listed:
  • S. Madhumitha

    (Madras School of Economics, Chennai, India)

  • Anubhab Pattanayak

    ((Corresponding author), Madras School of Economics, Chennai, India)

  • K.S. Kavi Kumar

    (Madras School of Economics, Chennai, India)

Abstract

Agricultural intensification and technological specialisation have led to the prevalence of mono-culture in India. Diversity within crop species has been gradually declining since the advent of Green Revolution in the 1960s. With increasingly frequent weather shocks, agricultural systems face the risk of yield and income losses. A quantitative assessment of district level agricultural data for the period 1966-2015 is used to understand whether crop diversification can cushion yield and income losses for farmers during droughts. The results indicate that diversification enhanced resilience during a rainfall deficit period in the Green Revolution period. However, in the post-Green Revolution period, increased specialization mitigated the adverse effects of rainfall deficit. When simultaneous occurrence of rainfall deficit and high temperature is considered as an alternative characterization of drought, crop diversity did not provide any insulation against such weather extremes. In the absence of any weather extremes, monoculture is found to be more lucrative owing to both supply and demand side factors like improved inputs, irrigation and infrastructure facilities, government’s support prices and pattern of consumption demand. Spatial trends in crop diversification also revealed some anomalies to these general results since some states in the country have unique cropping patterns.

Suggested Citation

  • S. Madhumitha & Anubhab Pattanayak & K.S. Kavi Kumar, 2021. "Crop Diversity and Resilience to Droughts: Evidence from Indian Agriculture," Working Papers 2021-205, Madras School of Economics,Chennai,India.
    • Handle: RePEc:mad:wpaper:2021-205
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    2. Surajit Banerjee & Tuhina Nandi & Vishwambhar Prasad Sati & Wiem Mezlini & Wafa Saleh Alkhuraiji & Djamil Al-Halbouni & Mohamed Zhran, 2025. "Integrating Remote Sensing, Landscape Metrics, and Random Forest Algorithm to Analyze Crop Patterns, Factors, Diversity, and Fragmentation in a Kharif Agricultural Landscape," Land, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-23, June.
    3. Sonna Vikhil & K.S. Kavi Kumar, 2025. "Impact Evaluation of Cash Transfer: Case Study of Agriculture, Telangana," Working Papers 2025-278, Madras School of Economics,Chennai,India.
    4. Bhadury, Soumya & Pratap, Bhanu & Gajbhiye, Dhirendra, 2025. "Transition to a greener economy: Climate change risks and resilience in a state-space framework," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).

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    JEL classification:

    • Q10 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - General
    • Q15 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation; Agriculture and Environment
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming

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