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Labor Market and Poverty in Brazil

Author

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  • Ricardo Paes de Barros
  • Carlos Henrique Corseuil
  • Phillippe G. Leite

Abstract

This paper investigates if the responsibility of the poverty level registered in Brazil is the poor operation of the labor market, in terms of underremuneration and underutilization of the labor factor. By means of a microsimulation based decomposition of distributional changes we assess the impact on the degree of poverty of unemployment, segmentation, and discrimination. In order to estimate the effect of these labor market imperfections on poverty, it was necessary, first, to define precisely the concepts of nemployment, segmentation and discrimination. Secondly, it was necessary to define how an ideal situation where human resources are properly used and remunerated would look like, given the prevailing macroeconomic conditions. It was found that, if the conditions of the average segment of the Brazilian labor market were extended to all segments, the effect on poverty would not be very significant (the average income gap would drop from the observed 12.1% to 9,6%). Even if this condition were extended only to those below the mean, the effect on poverty would not be so higher (P1 would drop to 8,1%). Among the items of the effect of underremuneration and underutilization of labor, it is worth mentioning that the effect of unemployment is extremely limited in absolute terms, although in relative terms it is the major effect on poverty. Este texto investiga a importância do mau funcionamento do mercado de trabalho brasileiro, tanto em termos de subutilização como de sub-remuneração do fator trabalho, para a determinação do nível de pobreza registrado no país. Utilizando uma metodologia baseada em microssimulações, estimamos o impacto de cada imperfeição do mercado de trabalho sobre a pobreza, quais sejam: desemprego, segmentação e discriminação. Para realizar essas estimativas foi necessário definir previamente os conceitos de desemprego, segmentação e discriminação. Além disso, também foi necessário definir uma situação ideal em que os recursos humanos eram propriamente utilizados e remunerados, dadas as condições da economia brasileira. Os resultados mostram que o efeito da eliminação de todas as imperfeições do mercado de trabalho sobre a pobreza não seria muito significativo. Essa eliminação das imperfeições foi operacionalizada de duas formas alternativas. Primeiro, se as condições do segmento médio do mercado de trabalho brasileiro fossem estendidas a todos os segmentos, o hiato de renda média (P1) cairia dos 12,1% observados para 9,6%. Segundo, se essa condição fosse estendida somente àqueles abaixo da média, o efeito sobre a pobreza ainda não seria muito alto, com P1 caindo para 8,1%.

Suggested Citation

  • Ricardo Paes de Barros & Carlos Henrique Corseuil & Phillippe G. Leite, 2015. "Labor Market and Poverty in Brazil," Discussion Papers 0091, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:0091
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Almeida dos Reis, Jose Guilherme & Paes de Barros, Ricardo, 1991. "Wage inequality and the distribution of education : A study of the evolution of regional differences in inequality in metropolitan Brazil," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 117-143, July.
    2. Ferreira, Francisco H. G. & Paes de Barrios, Ricardo, 1999. "The slippery slope : explaining the increase in extreme poverty in urban Brazil, 1976-96," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2210, The World Bank.
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    Cited by:

    1. Pierre-Richard Agénor, 2002. "Business Cycles, Economic Crises, and the Poor," Journal of Economic Policy Reform, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 5(3), pages 145-160.

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