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The Two Faces of Worker Specialization

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  • Zsofiá L Bárány

    (CEU - Central European University Vienna, CEPR - Center for Economic Policy Research)

  • Kerstin Holzheu

    (ECON - Département d'économie (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IZA - Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit - Institute of Labor Economics)

Abstract

Can specialization – the average distance of the worker's skill set from skill profiles prevalent in the economy – confer both positive and negative returns? We quantitatively show in a random search framework that more specialized workers i) suffer larger mismatch penalties on average, leading to lower job finding rates, but ii) enjoy higher gains from worker-firm complementarity in well-fitted jobs, reflected in higher starting wages and lower separation rates. The theoretical model indicates that the acquisition of more specialized skills may or may not yield an augmented lifetime income for workers. Hence, the acquisition of more specialized skills can come at a loss of lifetime income for some workers. Informed by the model, we analyze the labor market outcomes of exogenously displaced workers in the US and in France and provide empirical evidence for the two faces of worker specialization.

Suggested Citation

  • Zsofiá L Bárány & Kerstin Holzheu, 2024. "The Two Faces of Worker Specialization," SciencePo Working papers hal-04358411, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpspec:hal-04358411
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://sciencespo.hal.science/hal-04358411v2
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    JEL classification:

    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • J41 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets - - - Labor Contracts
    • J63 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs
    • J64 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search

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