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Ségrégation à l’entrée des études supérieures en France et en région parisienne : quels effets du passage à Parcoursup ?

Author

Listed:
  • Nagui Bechichi

    (INSEE)

  • Julien Grenet

    (PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement)

  • Georgia Thebault

    (PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement)

Abstract

Cet article étudie l'impact de l'introduction de la plateforme Parcoursup en 2018 sur la ségrégation à l'entrée des études supérieures en France en fonction du niveau scolaire, de l'origine sociale et du genre des étudiants. À l'aide des données administratives de pré-inscription du supérieur de 2013 à 2019, ces phénomènes sont mesurés au moyen d'indices d'exposition normalisés. En 2017, les néo-bacheliers se répartissent inégalement dans les formations d'enseignement supérieur en fonction de leur niveau scolaire, de leur origine sociale et de leur genre. La moitié de la ségrégation scolaire et de la ségrégation sociale provient de la répartition des étudiants entre les grandes catégories de formations (licence, classes préparatoires, BTS, IUT, etc.), tandis que la ségrégation femmes-hommes s'effectue davantage entre filières d'études au sein de chacune de ces catégories. Une grande partie de la ségrégation à l'entrée dans l'enseignement supérieur est déjà présente dans les voeux exprimés par les candidats, alors que les classements des candidats opérés par les formations n'y contribuent que faiblement. La mise en place de Parcoursup en 2018 a eu un fort impact sur les pratiques de classement des formations non sélectives (licences universitaires) : la part des mentions bien ou très bien est ainsi passée de 29 % à 59 % parmi les candidats recevant en premier une proposition d'admission. Cependant, les niveaux de ségrégation mesurés selon les trois dimensions étudiées sont globalement stables. Dans les licences en tension, les nouvelles règles de classement des candidats ont eu un impact substantiel, celles-ci ne disposant pas d'une capacité d'accueil suffisante pour admettre tous ceux souhaitant s'y inscrire. La dernière partie de l'étude montre que la mise en place de Parcoursup a modifié de manière plus nette la répartition des étudiants entre les formations d'Île-de-France, territoire où se concentrent de nombreuses licences en tension et où la ségrégation sociale et scolaire est historiquement élevée.

Suggested Citation

  • Nagui Bechichi & Julien Grenet & Georgia Thebault, 2021. "Ségrégation à l’entrée des études supérieures en France et en région parisienne : quels effets du passage à Parcoursup ?," PSE Working Papers hal-03501119, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:psewpa:hal-03501119
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-03501119
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