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Culture, Cultural Industries and Creative Industries
[Les liens entre culture, industries culturelles et industries créatives]

Author

Listed:
  • Christian Barrère

    (OMI - Organisation Marchandes et Institutions - URCA - Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne)

Abstract

La culture, passée et sédimentée en un patrimoine, créée dans les processus de créativité, apparaît comme facteur de production dans les industries culturelles mais aussi dans des industries, parfois très éloignées, comme le parfum, la mode, la restauration. Culture et industrie se trouvent alors en interrelation. Pourquoi et comment sont les deux questions qui constituent l'objet de l'article et sont étudiées à partir de l'exemple de la mode vestimentaire. La dynamique historique et contemporaine de la mode peut être relue comme résultat d'une dynamique créativité-patrimoine, le patrimoine se présentant comme de la culture stockée, la créativité comme un flux de culture nouvelle. Le couple créativité-patrimoine est à l'origine d'un cercle vertueux qui rencontre aujourd'hui des limites liées au changement de régime de la mode, celle-ci passant d'un modèle aristocratique et élitaire à un modèle marchand. La culture apparaît alors comme ressource productive particulière, ce qui n'est pas sans poser des problèmes à l'analyse économique. Les problématiques de la fonction de production doivent être dépassées pour intégrer les caractéristiques de la production à base de créativité tandis que celle de la fonction de consommation demande à l'être pour aller vers une théorie de la formation des goûts. Un tel programme de travail devient d'autant plus urgent que les industries créatives voient leur rôle grandir et que se constituent des industries du luxe. Le luxe tend de plus en plus à faire appel à la créativité et s'intègre au domaine de plus en plus vaste des industries créatives. À côté des arts et des industries culturelles (édition, presse, télévision et radio, film) progresse un troisième domaine avec des industries qui produisent des biens situés hors du domaine de la culture à proprement parler mais incluant une certaine dose de créativité, même si elle n'est pas dominante : la publicité, le tourisme, le design, la mode, le parfum, la maroquinerie, l'horlogerie, la gastronomie, le vin et les alcools... La créativité prend ainsi une place croissante dans l'économie bien au-delà du périmètre traditionnel défini par les politiques culturelles. Un tel mouvement ne peut être ignoré par les politiques économiques et ne peut manquer de poser en termes nouveaux la relation entre politiques économiques et politiques culturelles.

Suggested Citation

  • Christian Barrère, 2006. "Culture, Cultural Industries and Creative Industries [Les liens entre culture, industries culturelles et industries créatives]," Post-Print hal-05335662, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05335662
    DOI: 10.3917/deps.gref.2006.01.0193
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-05335662v1
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Throsby,David, 2000. "Economics and Culture," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521586399, January.
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