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Introduction

Author

Listed:
  • Jacques Fontanel

    (CESICE - Centre d'études sur la sécurité internationale et les coopérations européennes - UPMF - Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 - IEPG - Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble)

  • Natacha Bourova

    (UNECON - Saint-Petersburg State University of Economics (.))

Abstract

The issue of the underground economy is not always well developed in economic analyses. In an economic system with changing and uncertain social relations, the underground economy benefits from fertile ground for its development. It is transformed into a structured social system that reproduces itself. It has its own organization and a certain social recognition. It includes illicit activities (theft, racketeering), informal norms of behaviour (false invoices, tax evasion, "black" wages), active or passive forms of corruption (protection of businessmen by the national police or advice from tax inspectors to companies), and the growth of activities at the limit of the law concerning new regulations, especially monetary ones. Some economists believe that the informal economy is a lubricant for the economy, while others condemn it in the name of fair competition and the rejection of all illegal activities.

Suggested Citation

  • Jacques Fontanel & Natacha Bourova, 2006. "Introduction," Post-Print hal-02950154, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02950154
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/hal-02950154
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    File URL: https://hal.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/hal-02950154/document
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ovsey Shkaratan & Jacques Fontanel, 1998. "Conversion and personnel in the Russian military-industrial-complex," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(4), pages 367-379.
    2. Jacques Fontanel & Irina Borissova & Michael Ward, 1995. "The principles of arms conversion in the case of Russia," Post-Print hal-02386949, HAL.
    3. Ovsey Shkaratan & Jacques Fontanel, 1998. "Conversion and personnel in the Russian military‐industrial‐complex," Post-Print hal-02364240, HAL.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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