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Théories Mode D’Emploi

Author

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  • Gérard Koenig

    (IRG - Institut de Recherche en Gestion - UPEM - Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12)

Abstract

L'étude des organisations donne lieu à une activité scientifique d'une telle exubérance que certains n'hésitent pas à parler de jungle. Apparemment impénétrable et par conséquent inhospitalière, la théorie des organisations est en outre cultivée par des tribus qui se disent en guerre les unes contre les autres, qui donc ne se parlent pas et, qui plus est, disent ne pas pouvoir communiquer tant leurs cultures seraient différentes. Les ethnographes qui ont étudié la question parlent à ce propos d'incommunicabilité et de guerre des paradigmes. Il y a là de quoi déconcerter le praticien, même le mieux disposé à l'égard de la recherche, et le dissuader d'aller plus avant. Le présent article vise d'abord à le rassurer sur deux points. Premièrement le foisonnement théorique est certes réel, mais il présente plus d'avantages que d'inconvénients, deuxièmement il ne faut pas trop se laisser impressionner par la violence des revendications et des invectives, car à suivre ces tribus ennemies sur leurs terrains de chasse, on s'aperçoit que leurs pratiques diffèrent moins qu'elles ne le disent. Instruit sur l'état du territoire qu'il s'apprête à découvrir, le lecteur n'est pas nécessairement outillé pour tirer le meilleur parti de son expédition. La seconde partie énonce trois règles de conduite qui devraient lui permettre de profiter pleinement de l'aventure. La première l'invite à ne pas opposer description et explication, mais y voir au contraire comme les deux faces de la théorie. La seconde règle lui prescrit de ne pas se laisser séduire par des régularités nécessairement précaires et de s'intéresser davantage aux mécanismes susceptibles d'en rendre compte. La troisième l'invite à vérifier les théories qu'on lui propose comme l'explorateur se doit de le faire de son équipement. S'il suit ces trois règles, il se pourrait bien que le lecteur en vienne à partager le jugement de Kurt Lewin qu'« il n'y a rien de plus utile qu'une bonne théorie ».

Suggested Citation

  • Gérard Koenig, 2006. "Théories Mode D’Emploi," Post-Print hal-01377374, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01377374
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-01377374
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Edward I. Altman, 1968. "Financial Ratios, Discriminant Analysis And The Prediction Of Corporate Bankruptcy," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 23(4), pages 589-609, September.
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