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What Have We Learned About the Causes of Recent Gentrification?

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  • Jackelyn Hwang
  • Jeffrey Lin

Abstract

Since 2000, strengthening gentrification in an expanding section of cities and neighborhoods has renewed interest from policymakers, researchers, and the public in the causes of gentrification. The identification of causal factors can help inform analyses of welfare, policy responses, and forecasts of future neighborhood change. We highlight some features of recent gentrification that popular understandings often do not emphasize, and we review progress on identifying some causal factors. However, a complete account of the relative contribution of many factors is still elusive. We suggest questions and opportunities for future research.

Suggested Citation

  • Jackelyn Hwang & Jeffrey Lin, 2016. "What Have We Learned About the Causes of Recent Gentrification?," Working Papers 16-20, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fedpwp:16-20
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    Cited by:

    1. Simon J. Berrebi & Kari E. Watkins, 2020. "Whos Ditching the Bus?," Papers 2001.02200, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2020.
    2. Zühal Özbay Daş & Gülşah Özşahin, 2021. "An empirical analysis of gentrification in Istanbul," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(3), pages 501-526, June.
    3. Lee, Yongsung & Lee, Bumsoo, 2022. "What’s eating public transit in the United States? Reasons for declining transit ridership in the 2010s," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 126-143.
    4. Bereitschaft, Bradley, 2020. "Gentrification and the evolution of commuting behavior within America's urban cores, 2000–2015," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    5. Jeffrey Lin, 2017. "Understanding Gentrification’s Causes," Economic Insights, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, vol. 2(3), pages 9-17, July.
    6. Lei Ding & Jackelyn Hwang, 2016. "The Consequences of Gentrification: A Focus on Residents’ Financial Health in Philadelphia," Working Papers 16-22, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.
    7. Pierre-Loup Beauregard, 2024. "Gentrification, displacement, and income trajectory of incumbents," Papers 2403.10614, arXiv.org.
    8. Jackelyn Hwang & Bina Shrimali, 2021. "Constrained Choices: Gentrification, Housing Affordability, and Residential Instability in the San Francisco Bay Area," Community Development Research Brief, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, vol. 2021(02), pages 1-80, April.
    9. Rainald Borck & Niklas Gohl, 2021. "Gentrification and Affordable Housing Policies," CEPA Discussion Papers 39, Center for Economic Policy Analysis.
    10. Lin, Jeffrey & Rauch, Ferdinand, 2022. "What future for history dependence in spatial economics?," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    11. Boustan, Leah & Margo, Robert A. & Miller, Matthew M. & Reeves, James & Steil, Justin, 2023. "JUE Insight: Condominium development does not lead to gentrification," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    12. James DiSalvo & Ryan Johnston, 2016. "Banking Trends: The Growing Role of CRE Lending," Banking Trends, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, issue Q3, pages 15-21.
    13. Berrebi, Simon J. & Watkins, Kari E., 2020. "Who’s ditching the bus?," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 21-34.
    14. Yves Schaeffer & Mihaï Tivadar, 2019. "Measuring environmental inequalities: insights from the residential segregation literature [Mesurer les inégalités environnementales: perspectives issues de la littérature sur la ségrégation réside," Post-Print hal-02610105, HAL.
    15. Yefu Chen & Hao Xi & Junfeng Jiao, 2023. "What Are the Relationships between Public Transit and Gentrification Progress? An Empirical Study in the New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island Areas," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-18, January.
    16. Kristian Behrens & Brahim Boualam & Julien Martin & Florian Mayneris, 2024. "Gentrification and Pioneer Businesses," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 106(1), pages 119-132, January.
    17. Seth A. Williams & John R. Hipp, 2022. "The shape of neighborhoods to come: Examining patterns of gentrification and holistic neighborhood change in Los Angeles County, 1980–2010," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 54(2), pages 265-294, March.
    18. Madeleine I. G. Daepp, 2022. "Small-area moving ratios and the spatial connectivity of neighborhoods: Insights from consumer credit data," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 49(3), pages 1129-1146, March.
    19. Bengt Andersen & Hannah Eline Ander & Joar Skrede, 2020. "The directors of urban transformation: The case of Oslo," Local Economy, London South Bank University, vol. 35(7), pages 695-713, November.
    20. Lena Edlund & Cecilia Machado & Maria Sviatschi, 2022. "Gentrification and the Rising Returns to Skill," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 89(354), pages 258-292, April.
    21. Swope, Carolyn B. & Hernández, Diana, 2019. "Housing as a determinant of health equity: A conceptual model," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    22. Kacie Dragan & Ingrid Ellen & Sherry A. Glied, 2019. "Does Gentrification Displace Poor Children? New Evidence from New York City Medicaid Data," NBER Working Papers 25809, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    23. Schaeffer, Y. & Tivadar, M., 2019. "Measuring Environmental Inequalities: Insights from the Residential Segregation Literature," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 1-1.
    24. Evelyn Ravuri, 2023. "Neighbourhood change in Genesee and Kent Counties, Michigan, 1970–2019," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 102(1), pages 107-127, February.
    25. Edlund, Lena & Machado, Cecilia & Sviatschi, Maria, 2015. "Bright Minds, Big Rent: Gentrification and the Rising Returns to Skill," IZA Discussion Papers 9502, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Gentrification; Neighborhood change;

    JEL classification:

    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population

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