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Las aglomeraciones productivas alrededor de la minería: el caso de la Minera Yanacocha, SA

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  • Kuramoto, Juana R.

Abstract

Resumen El presente documento es el informe final de un estudio de caso en el marco del proyecto de investigación: 'una Estrategia de Desarrollo basada en Recursos Naturales: el Caso de la Minería', auspiciado por el International Development Research Center (IDRC) de Canadá y coordinado por la Comisión Económica para América Latina (CEPAL) de las Naciones Unidas. Este documento analiza las características de la aglomeración productiva generada a raíz de la puesta en marcha del proyecto minero Yanacocha, en el departamento Peruano de Cajamarca.. La Minera Yanacocha S.A. es un joint-venture entre la empresa norteamericana Newmont y la peruana Compañía de Minas Buenaventura que se ha convertido en el mayor productor de oro en América Latina. Este trabajo pone énfasis en describir los agentes que conforman la aglomeración y las formas de su interacción. Los principales resultados del estudio de caso son, primero, que se dan escasas relaciones productivas y comerciales con los agentes de la zona mientras que hay mayor articulación con agentes productivos e institucionales de Lima. Segundo, aún cuando la mayor parte de las relaciones productivas se dan con empresas limeñas, la debilidad tecnológica del sector industrial genera una dependencia de tecnología extranjera y limita a las empresas a un rol comercializador. Tercero, hay un potencial nicho de competitividad para las empresas cajamarquinas en la provisión de servicios no intensivos en conocimiento. Cuarto, debido al poco desarrollo institucional en Cajamarca, la empresa mantiene relaciones con instituciones públicas y gremiales en Lima. Esta situación revela que la estructura productiva nacional padece de un problema de coordinación que eleva los costos de transacción, lo que a su vez impide que se diversifique la economía. Para remediar lo anterior, el gobierno debe tomar la iniciativa en el diseño de políticas (multi)sectoriales que sirvan de indicativo sobre la rentabilidad de largo plazo de algunas actividades económicas y que además reduzcan el riesgo de las mismas. De manera más específica a este estudio de caso, los lineamientos de política para fortalecer y consolidar este network debe tener como objetivos principales el mejoramiento de la infraestructura productiva y tecnológica de Cajamarca; el mejoramiento de la capacidad de absorción tecnológica de las empresas cajamarquinas; y el establecimiento de proveedores mineros nacionales.

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  • Kuramoto, Juana R., 2000. "Las aglomeraciones productivas alrededor de la minería: el caso de la Minera Yanacocha, SA," Desarrollo Productivo 4670, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
    • Handle: RePEc:ecr:col026:4670
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    2. Cimoli, Mario & Katz, Jorge, 2002. "Structural reforms, technological gaps and economic development: a Latin American perspective," Desarrollo Productivo 4515, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
    3. Angelo Antoci & Paolo Russu & Elisa Ticci, 2019. "Mining and Local Economies: Dilemma between Environmental Protection and Job Opportunities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-21, November.
    4. Rosemary Thorp and Graciela Zevallos, "undated". "The Economic Policies Of The Fujimori Years: A Return To The Past?," QEH Working Papers qehwps83, Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford.
    5. Orihuela, José Carlos & Gamarra-Echenique, Victor, 2020. "Fading local effects: boom and bust evidence from a Peruvian gold mine," Environment and Development Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 25(2), pages 182-203, April.
    6. Spoor, Max, 2000. "Two decades of adjustment and agricultural development in Latin America and the Caribbean," Desarrollo Productivo 4467, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
    7. Aragon, Fernando & Rud, Juan, 2009. "The Blessing of Natural Resources: Evidence from a Peruvian Gold Mine," Working Papers 2009-014, Banco Central de Reserva del Perú.
    8. Ticci, Elisa & Escobal, Javier, 2015. "Extractive industries and local development in the Peruvian Highlands," Environment and Development Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 20(1), pages 101-126, February.
    9. Tello, Mario D. & Távara, José, 2010. "Productive Development Policies in Latin American Countries: The Case of Peru, 1990-2007," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 1499, Inter-American Development Bank.
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    11. Jaskoski, Maiah, 2014. "Environmental Licensing and Conflict in Peru's Mining Sector: A Path-Dependent Analysis," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 873-883.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • L16 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics; Macroeconomic Industrial Structure
    • L71 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction - - - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels

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