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Market Failures and Regulatory Failures : Lessons from Past and Present Financial Crises

Author

Listed:
  • Viral V. Acharya

    (Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI))

  • Thomas Cooley
  • Matthew Richardson
  • Ingo Walter

Abstract

The paper analyzes the financial crisis of through the lens of market failures and regulatory failures. We present a case that there were four primary failures contributing to the crisis : excessive risk-taking in the financial sector due to mispriced government guarantees; regulatory focus on individual institution risk rather than systemic risk; opacity of positions in financial derivatives that produced externalities from individual firm failures; and runs on the unregulated banking sector that eventually threatened to bring down the entire financial sector. In emphasizing the role of regulatory failures, we provide a description of regulatory evolution in response to the panic of 1907 and the Great Depression, why the regulation put in place then was successful in addressing market failures, but how, over time, especially around the resolutions of Continental Illinois, Savings and Loans crisis and Long-Term Capital Management, expectations of too-big-to-fail status got anchored. We propose specific reforms to address the four market and regulatory failures we identify, and we conclude with some lessons for emerging markets.

Suggested Citation

  • Viral V. Acharya & Thomas Cooley & Matthew Richardson & Ingo Walter, 2011. "Market Failures and Regulatory Failures : Lessons from Past and Present Financial Crises," Governance Working Papers 23273, East Asian Bureau of Economic Research.
    • Handle: RePEc:eab:govern:23273
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    1. Perceptions of the neutral interest rate
      by Bruno Duarte in EUnomics on 2018-09-17 17:42:36

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    Cited by:

    1. Pandey, Ashish, 2016. "The Indian banking system: A ticking time bomb," MPRA Paper 71792, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. METAXAS, Theodore & TROMPATZI, Georgia, 2015. "From The Bank Panic Of 1907 To The Great Depression Of 1929 And The Savings And Loan Crisis Of The 1980s: Comparative Analysis And Lessons For The Future," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 15(1), pages 79-96.
    3. Jianxing Wei & Tong Xu, 2018. "A Model of Bank Credit Cycles," 2018 Meeting Papers 610, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    4. Almasi, Pooya & Dagher, Jihad & Prato, Carlo, 2025. "Financial regulatory cycles: A political economy model," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    5. Assaf, A. George & Berger, Allen N. & Roman, Raluca A. & Tsionas, Mike G., 2019. "Does efficiency help banks survive and thrive during financial crises?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 445-470.
    6. Fatih Tuluk, 2019. "Shadow Banking, Capital Requirements and Monetary Policy," Working Papers 2019.05, International Network for Economic Research - INFER.
    7. Atanas Pekanov & Margit Schratzenstaller-Altzinger, 2019. "A Global Financial Transaction Tax. Theory, Practice and Potential Revenues," WIFO Working Papers 582, WIFO.
    8. Trompatzi, Georgia & Metaxas, Theodore, 2013. "From the Bank Panic of 1907 to the Great Depression of 1929 and the Savings and Loan Crisis of the 1980s: Lessons for the future," MPRA Paper 48272, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Dean Uèkar & Danijel Petroviæ, 2021. "Efficiency of banks in Croatia," Zbornik radova Ekonomskog fakulteta u Rijeci/Proceedings of Rijeka Faculty of Economics, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Economics and Business, vol. 39(2), pages 349-379.
    10. Allen N. Berger & Martien Lamers & Raluca A. Roman & Koen Schoors, 2020. "Unexpected Effects of Bank Bailouts:Depositors Need Not Apply and Need Not Run," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 20/1005, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
    11. Fariborz Moshirian, 2014. "Implications of global financial and regulatory policies on systemic risk in Asia," Chapters, in: Iwan J. Azis & Hyun S. Shin (ed.), Global Shock, Risks, and Asian Financial Reform, chapter 8, pages 284-332, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    12. Cherry, Barbara A., 2011. "Radical experimentation under deregulatory broadband policies: The rise of shadow common carriers," 8th ITS Asia-Pacific Regional Conference, Taipei 2011: Convergence in the Digital Age 52340, International Telecommunications Society (ITS).
    13. Wei, Jianxing & Xu, Tong, 2024. "Banking supervision with loopholes," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    14. Giovanni Callegari & Ramon Marimon & Adrien Wicht & Luca Zavalloni, 2023. "On a Lender of Last Resort with a Central Bank and a Stability Fund," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 50, pages 106-130, October.
    15. Indranarain Ramlall & Faadilah Mamode, 2017. "A Critical Assessment of Basel III and its Implications on the Mauritian Banking Sector," Journal of African Business, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(1), pages 70-101, January.
    16. Allen N. Berger & Martien Lamers & Raluca A. Roman & Koen Schoors, 2023. "Supply and Demand Effects of Bank Bailouts: Depositors Need Not Apply and Need Not Run," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 55(6), pages 1397-1442, September.
    17. Jihad Dagher, 2018. "Regulatory Cycles: Revisiting the Political Economy of Financial Crises," IMF Working Papers 2018/008, International Monetary Fund.
    18. Maurizio Trapanese, 2020. "The regulatory cycle in banking: what lessons from the U.S. experience? (from the Dodd-Frank Act to Covid-19)," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 585, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • G01 - Financial Economics - - General - - - Financial Crises
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets
    • G18 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G24 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage

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