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La croissance ne suffit pas pour réduire la pauvreté : le rôle des inégalités

Author

Listed:
  • Jean-Pierre Cling

    (DIAL)

  • Philippe De Vreyer

    (Université de Lille II, DIAL)

  • Mireille Razafindrakoto

    (DIAL, IRD, Paris)

  • François Roubaud

    (DIAL, IRD, Paris)

Abstract

(english) This paper contributes to the current debate on pro-poor growth. It discusses the respective impacts of macro-economic growth and the reduction of income inequality on monetary poverty. Our results emphasise the potential importance of the latter factor and suggest putting forward redistribution policies, which are usually hardly even considered. They also question the credibility of the first of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which aims at halving the proportion of the population living in absolute poverty by 2015. The first section analyses the factors which lead to placing poverty reduction at the core of development policies. The second section conducts a survey on the impact of growth and inequality on poverty reduction in the economic litterature. The third section presents the results of simulations on the evolution of poverty incidence in all the developing countries by 2015. These simulations are based on an analytical formulation of the poverty elasticity, under a log-normal hypothesis concerning the income distribution, and making various assumptions on growth rates and the evolution of inequalities. Our estimates suggest that African countries will not meet the first MDG; they also come to convergent conclusions on the potential gains in terms of poverty reduction brought about by pro-poor growth. The fourth and final section reveals the contrast between the above result and the lack of interest for redistribution policies within existing PRSPs (Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers). _________________________________ (français) Cet article s'inscrit dans le débat actuel sur la croissance pro-pauvres. Il aborde la question de l’impact respectif de la croissance macro-économique et de la réduction des inégalités de revenus sur la pauvreté monétaire. Il met en évidence l'importance potentielle du second facteur et plaide en faveur d'une reconsidération de politiques distributives, aujourd'hui trop souvent reléguées au second plan. L’article s’interroge également sur la crédibilité des objectifs de réduction de la pauvreté fixés notamment par le premier des Millennium Development Goals (MDG). La première section analyse les facteurs qui ont conduit à l’adoption des nouvelles initiatives internationales de lutte contre la pauvreté (PRSP, HIPC). La deuxième section procède à une revue de littérature du rôle respectif de la croissance et des inégalités sur la réduction de la pauvreté. Partant d'une décomposition comptable de l'élasticité du taux de pauvreté sous l'hypothèse de log-normalité de la distribution des revenus, la troisième section propose des simulations de l'incidence de la pauvreté pour l'ensemble des pays en développement à l'horizon 2015, sous différents scénarios de croissance et d'évolution des inégalités. Tout en estimant que les pays africains ne pourront atteindre l'Objectif, ces simulations convergent d’une manière générale sur les gains potentiels en termes de réduction de la pauvreté procurés par une croissance pro-pauvres. Enfin, la quatrième section montre le hiatus entre ce résultat et la faible contribution des politiques redistributives dans les stratégies préconisées par les PRSP existants.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Pierre Cling & Philippe De Vreyer & Mireille Razafindrakoto & François Roubaud, 2003. "La croissance ne suffit pas pour réduire la pauvreté : le rôle des inégalités," Working Papers DT/2003/04, DIAL (Développement, Institutions et Mondialisation).
  • Handle: RePEc:dia:wpaper:dt200304
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    Cited by:

    1. Mohamed Ali Trabelsi & Naoufel Liouane, 2013. "Trade Liberalization and Fight Against Poverty," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 3(2), pages 370-375.
    2. Hamadou Daouda, Youssoufou, 2010. "La dynamique de la croissance est-elle pro-pauvres au Niger ? [Is the dynamics of growth pro-poor in Niger?]," MPRA Paper 73164, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Charlotte Guénard & Sandrine Mesplé-Somps, 2004. "Measuring inequalities: Do the surveys give the real picture? Study of two surveys in Cote d’Ivoire and Madagascar," Working Papers DT/2004/13, DIAL (Développement, Institutions et Mondialisation), revised Dec 2004.
    4. Faouzi SBOUI, 2012. "Effects Of Growth And Inequality," Region et Developpement, Region et Developpement, LEAD, Universite du Sud - Toulon Var, vol. 35, pages 57-80.
    5. repec:dau:papers:123456789/4390 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Youssoufou Hamadou Douada, 2011. "La dynamique de la croissance est-elle pro-pauvres au Niger ?," Documents de travail 164, Groupe d'Economie du Développement de l'Université Montesquieu Bordeaux IV.
    7. Ameur, Fatah & Kuper, Marcel & Lejars, Caroline & Dugué, Patrick, 2017. "Prosper, survive or exit: Contrasted fortunes of farmers in the groundwater economy in the Saiss plain (Morocco)," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 207-217.
    8. repec:dau:papers:123456789/4459 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Cogneau, Denis & Naudet, Jean-David, 2007. "Who Deserves Aid? Equality of Opportunity, International Aid, and Poverty Reduction," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 104-120, January.
    10. repec:dau:papers:123456789/4466 is not listed on IDEAS
    11. repec:dau:papers:123456789/10928 is not listed on IDEAS
    12. Izu, Akhenaton, 2015. "Fort de sa vigueur, qu’en est-il de l’inclusivité de la croissance en RDC? [Given its strength, does economic growth inclusive in DRC?]," MPRA Paper 68868, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 10 Dec 2015.
    13. Phillippe G. Leite & Terry McKinley & Rafael Guerreiro Osorio, 2006. "The Post-Apartheid Evolution of Earnings Inequality in South Africa, 1995-2004," Working Papers 32, International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth.
    14. Mohamed Ali Marouani & Marc Raffinot, 2004. "Perspectives on growth and poverty reduction in Mali," Working Papers DT/2004/05, DIAL (Développement, Institutions et Mondialisation).
    15. Isabel Günther & Mohamed Ali Marouani & Marc Raffinot, 2006. "La croissance est-elle pro-pauvres au Mali ?," Working Papers DT/2006/15, DIAL (Développement, Institutions et Mondialisation).
    16. repec:dau:papers:123456789/4461 is not listed on IDEAS

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