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La economía de occidente y la del resto del mundo : una perspectiva milenaria

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  • Maddison, Angus

Abstract

En este ensayo se mantiene que Europa Occidental inició su despegue económico con respecto al resto del mundo durante la alta edad moderna o incluso la baja edad media. Empleando la última información cuantitativa disponible, se argumenta que, entre los años 1000 y 1820, el PIB per cápita de Europa Occidental se multiplicó por tres, frente a un crecimiento medio de sólo el 33 por cien en el resto del mundo. Entre los factores responsables de esta diferencia destacan el progreso en las técnicas de navegación, con sus consecuencias sobre el comercio y la división del trabajo; la adopción de instituciones también favorables al comercio; la revolución del conocimiento iniciada durante el Renacimiento; la propia división política de Europa, con sus corolarios de competencia entre estados y mayor libertad individual, y el desarrollo del individualismo, favorecido por la tradición cultural cristiana.

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  • Maddison, Angus, 2005. "La economía de occidente y la del resto del mundo : una perspectiva milenaria," IFCS - Working Papers in Economic History.WH dilf0501, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Instituto Figuerola.
    • Handle: RePEc:cte:whrepe:dilf0501
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    1. O'Rourke, Kevin H. & Williamson, Jeffrey G., 2002. "After Columbus: Explaining Europe'S Overseas Trade Boom, 1500 1800," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 62(02), pages 417-456, June.
    2. Thomas, Robert Paul, 1965. "A Quantitative Approach to the Study of the Effects of British Imperial Policy upon Colonial Welfare: Some Preliminary Findings," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 25(04), pages 615-638, December.
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