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Aproximación a la discriminación racial en Cali: ¿se asignan salarios por color de piel?

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  • Nathalia Maya Scarpetta

Abstract

En este documento se estudian las desigualdades salariales que se presentan entre individuos con diferente color de piel en Cali, Colombia. Se pretende identificar si estas desigualdades se deben a que personas de diferente color de piel son sistemáticamente distintas en características observables como el nivel educativo y el tipo de trabajo, o si se debe a factores no observables, entre los cuales podría estar la discriminación racial en el ámbito laboral. Se utilizan datos de la Encuesta de Empleo y Calidad de Vida (EECV) realizada en Cali en 2013 y se aplican dos metodologías de descomposición de la brecha salarial: una paramétrica propuesta por Blinder (1973) y Oaxaca (1973), y otra no paramétrica propuesta por Nopo (2008). Los resultados muestran que hay una diferencia significativa entre el salario devengado por individuos de color de piel clara, intermedia y oscura, siempre a favor del tono de comparación más claro. En cuanto a la descomposición de la brecha salarial, los resultados más consistentes son los de la comparación entre claros y oscuros, ya que en las dos metodologías se evidencia que la parte de la brecha que no se puede explicar por características observables es significativa y, aproximadamente, 22 % de la brecha total. Este último hallazgo evidencia una posible existencia de discriminación salarial hacia las personas por su color de piel en Cali.****** This article studies the wage inequalities between individuals with different skin color in Cali, Colombia. The aim is to identify if these inequalities are due to people being systematically different in observable characteristics, such as educational attainment and type of work (explained gap), or if it is due to unobservable factors, among which could be racial discrimination in the labor market (unexplained gap). To do so, I employ data from the Survey on Employment and Quality of Life carried out in Cali in 2013, along with two methodologies for decomposition of the wage gap. The first is a parametric method proposed by Blinder (1973) and Oaxaca (1973), and the second is a non-parametric proposal by Nopo (2008). The results show that there is a significant difference between the wage earned by individuals with light, intermediate and dark skin color, in favor of those with lighter skin in the three comparisons. Regarding the decomposition of the wage gap, the most consistent results are those of the comparison between light and dark skin color, since in both methodologies there is evidence that the part of the unexplained gap is significant and approximately 22% of the total gap. This finding shows a possible existence of wage discrimination towards people because of their skin color in Cali.

Suggested Citation

  • Nathalia Maya Scarpetta, 2020. "Aproximación a la discriminación racial en Cali: ¿se asignan salarios por color de piel?," Documentos de trabajo 17817, Escuela de Gobierno - Universidad de los Andes.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000547:017817
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Discriminación racial; color de piel; descomposición de brecha; Cali. Racial Discrimination; Skin Color; Gap Decomposition; Cali;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J71 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination - - - Hiring and Firing
    • J78 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination - - - Public Policy (including comparable worth)

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