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Del tsunami al terremoto demográfico en Colombia

Author

Listed:
  • Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Betancur

    (Escuela de Finanzas, Economía y Gobierno, Universidad EAFIT)

Abstract

El diseño de políticas públicas en materia pensional y de salud en Colombia se ha fundamentado históricamente en la presunción de un envejecimiento poblacional homogéneo. Sin embargo, la transición demográfica del país no es un proceso lineal ni simétrico. La evidencia proyectada revela una profunda divergencia espacial: mientras ciertas regiones periféricas aún transitarán por la madurez de su bono demográfico, otros departamentos experimentarán una contracción severa de su base productiva y un ensanchamiento crítico en las edades avanzadas. Esta asimetría en el choque demográfico impone la necesidad urgente de abandonar las métricas de expectativa de vida ancladas a promedios nacionales, las cuales invisibilizan la vulnerabilidad socioeconómica subnacional. Resulta imperativo transitar hacia marcos de valoración que cuantifiquen de manera estricta el riesgo de longevidad extremo, reconociendo que legislar bajo el supuesto de homogeneidad territorial no solo subestima la presión fiscal, sino que configura un sistema de subsidios cruzados financieramente insostenible.

Suggested Citation

  • Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Betancur, 2026. "Del tsunami al terremoto demográfico en Colombia," Documentos de Trabajo de Valor Público 023626, Universidad EAFIT.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000122:023626
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • J11 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
    • J14 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions
    • J26 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Retirement; Retirement Policies
    • C53 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Forecasting and Prediction Models; Simulation Methods
    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population

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