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Innovazione tecnologica e beni culturali. Uno studio sulla situazione della Sicilia

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  • M. Musumeci

Abstract

Come si ricorderà, agli inizi degli anni '80, si discuteva sulla opportunità di sviluppare o meno l'informatizzazione nel campo dei Beni Culturali (BB.CC.); oggi, invece, superata la questione, si assiste ad una continua espansione di progetti intrapresi e di risorse impiegate nel fenomeno delle applicazioni informatiche ai BB.CC. - fenomeno che, negli ultimi dieci anni, ha creato una nuova frontiera della diffusione dell'informazione in termini multimediali, attraverso CD-ROM e Internet. Ora, com'è noto, nella teoria economica, la logica alla base dell'introduzione di un nuovo processo produttivo è che una tecnica, ovvero una particolare combinazione dei fattori della produzione, sia 'superiore' - come viene definita dalla Robinson (1956) - e, quindi, preferita ad un'altra, tenuto conto del rapporto tra i prezzi relativi dei fattori stessi; volendo semplificare, quando produce di più e a costi minori. Allo stesso modo, una nuova tecnologia genera un prodotto 'nuovo' quando, in estrema sintesi, la soddisfazione che ne ricava il consumatore è maggiore e il relativo prezzo è più basso rispetto al vecchio prodotto. Ciò premesso, attraverso questo studio, si cercherà di verificare se la stessa logica, adottata nei processi industriali, possa applicarsi anche con riferimento ai processi e ai prodotti culturali. In altri termini, scopo principale del lavoro è capire se l'introduzione di una nuova tecnologia nel settore dei BB.CC. possa generare gli stessi effetti prodotti in altri settori, vale a dire, crescita dell'offerta e/o di domanda, accompagnata dall'aumento di produttività. L'applicazione della logica economica, ad esempio, appare più difficile nella produzione di un bene culturale, poiché - come si vedrà più avanti - nel settore della cultura vige la ben nota 'legge della crescita sbilanciata' o 'morbo di Baumol', secondo la quale la produttività non può crescere. E' possibile, invece, riprodurre un concerto e creare un prodotto 'nuovo', rispetto all'esecuzione dal vivo; ma, questo sarà frutto di un effettivo progresso tecnico solamente nell'ipotesi in cui il vecchio prodotto (l'esecuzione dal vivo) ed il 'nuovo' (la riproduzione) saranno legati da un rapporto di complementarietà. In altri termini, la riproduzione del concerto dovrà ritenersi complementare alla edizione originale, che resterà così salvaguardata. Diverso è il caso, come vedremo, della conservazione e del consumo del bene culturale, dove, viceversa, esistono le condizioni perché la logica economica, legata al progresso tecnico, trovi applicazione

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  • M. Musumeci, 2000. "Innovazione tecnologica e beni culturali. Uno studio sulla situazione della Sicilia," Working Paper CRENoS 200008, Centre for North South Economic Research, University of Cagliari and Sassari, Sardinia.
  • Handle: RePEc:cns:cnscwp:200008
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    1. C. Antonelli & R. Marchionatti & S. Usai, 2000. "Productivity and External Knowledge: The Italian Case," Working Paper CRENoS 200009, Centre for North South Economic Research, University of Cagliari and Sassari, Sardinia.
    2. R. Naylor, 2001. "Firm profits and the number of firms under unionised oligopoly," Working Paper CRENoS 200109, Centre for North South Economic Research, University of Cagliari and Sassari, Sardinia.
    3. R. Naylor, 2001. "Industry profits and market size under bilateral oligopoly," Working Paper CRENoS 200108, Centre for North South Economic Research, University of Cagliari and Sassari, Sardinia.

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