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Exporting, Wage Profiles, and Human Capital: Evidence from Brazil

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  • Ma, Xiao
  • Muendler, Marc-Andreas
  • Nakab, Alejandro

Abstract

Export activity shapes workers’ experience-wage profiles. Using employer-employee and customs data for Brazilian manufacturing, we document that workers’ experience-wage profiles are steeper at exporters than at non-exporters and, among exporters, steeper at exporters shipping to high-income destinations. We develop and quantify a model featuring worker-firm wage bargaining, export-market entry by multi-worker firms, and human capital accumulation by workers to interpret the data. Human capital growth can explain one-half of the differences in wage profiles between exporters and non-exporters. We show that increased human capital per worker can account for one-half of the overall gains in real income from trade openness.

Suggested Citation

  • Ma, Xiao & Muendler, Marc-Andreas & Nakab, Alejandro, 2025. "Exporting, Wage Profiles, and Human Capital: Evidence from Brazil," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series qt3bp6c1hh, Department of Economics, UC San Diego.
    • Handle: RePEc:cdl:ucsdec:qt3bp6c1hh
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