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Smart nudging for efficient routing through networks

Author

Listed:
  • Pouria M. Oqaz
  • Emanuele Crisostomi
  • Elena Dieckmann
  • Robert Shorten

Abstract

In this paper, we formulate the design of efficient digitalised deposit return schemes as a control problem. We focus on the recycling of paper cups, though the proposed methodology applies more broadly to reverse logistics systems arising in circular economy R-strategies. Each item is assumed to carry a digital wallet through which monetary rewards are allocated to actors transferring the item across successive stages, incentivising completion of the recycling process. System efficiency is ensured by: (i) decentralised algorithms that avoid congestion at individual nodes; (ii) a decentralised AIMD-based algorithm that optimally splits the deposit across layers; and (iii) a feedback control loop that dynamically adjusts the deposit to achieve a desired throughput. The effectiveness of the framework is demonstrated through extensive simulations using realistic paper cup recycling data.

Suggested Citation

  • Pouria M. Oqaz & Emanuele Crisostomi & Elena Dieckmann & Robert Shorten, 2025. "Smart nudging for efficient routing through networks," Papers 2512.18630, arXiv.org.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2512.18630
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    References listed on IDEAS

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