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Robust Hedging of Options on a Leveraged Exchange Traded Fund

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  • Alexander M. G. Cox
  • Sam M. Kinsley

Abstract

A leveraged exchange traded fund (LETF) is an exchange traded fund that uses financial derivatives to amplify the price changes of a basket of goods. In this paper, we consider the robust hedging of European options on a LETF, finding model-free bounds on the price of these options. To obtain an upper bound, we establish a new optimal solution to the Skorokhod embedding problem (SEP) using methods introduced in Beiglb\"ock-Cox-Huesmann. This stopping time can be represented as the hitting time of some region by a Brownian motion, but unlike other solutions of e.g. Root, this region is not unique. Much of this paper is dedicated to characterising the choice of the embedding region that gives the required optimality property. Notably, this appears to be the first solution to the SEP where the solution is not uniquely characterised by its geometric structure, and an additional condition is needed on the stopping region to guarantee that it is the optimiser. An important part of determining the optimal region is identifying the correct form of the dual solution, which has a financial interpretation as a model-independent superhedging strategy.

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  • Alexander M. G. Cox & Sam M. Kinsley, 2017. "Robust Hedging of Options on a Leveraged Exchange Traded Fund," Papers 1702.07169, arXiv.org.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:1702.07169
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pierre Henry-Labord`ere & Jan Ob{l}'oj & Peter Spoida & Nizar Touzi, 2012. "The maximum maximum of a martingale with given $n$ marginals," Papers 1203.6877, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2016.
    2. Breeden, Douglas T & Litzenberger, Robert H, 1978. "Prices of State-contingent Claims Implicit in Option Prices," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 51(4), pages 621-651, October.
    3. Y. Dolinsky & H. M. Soner, 2014. "Martingale optimal transport in the Skorokhod space," Papers 1404.1516, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2015.
    4. Alexander Cox & Jan Obłój, 2011. "Robust pricing and hedging of double no-touch options," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 15(3), pages 573-605, September.
    5. Zhaoxu Hou & Jan Obloj, 2015. "On robust pricing-hedging duality in continuous time," Papers 1503.02822, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2015.
    6. David Hobson & Martin Klimmek, 2012. "Model-independent hedging strategies for variance swaps," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 16(4), pages 611-649, October.
    7. A. M. G. Cox & David Hobson & Jan Ob{l}'oj, 2007. "Pathwise inequalities for local time: Applications to Skorokhod embeddings and optimal stopping," Papers math/0702173, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2008.
    8. Haydyn Brown & David Hobson & L. C. G. Rogers, 2001. "Robust Hedging of Barrier Options," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 11(3), pages 285-314, July.
    9. David G. Hobson, 1998. "Robust hedging of the lookback option," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 2(4), pages 329-347.
    10. Dolinsky, Yan & Soner, H. Mete, 2015. "Martingale optimal transport in the Skorokhod space," Stochastic Processes and their Applications, Elsevier, vol. 125(10), pages 3893-3931.
    11. Alexander M. G. Cox & Jiajie Wang, 2013. "Optimal robust bounds for variance options," Papers 1308.4363, arXiv.org.
    12. Yan Dolinsky & H. Soner, 2014. "Robust hedging with proportional transaction costs," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 18(2), pages 327-347, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Cox, Alexander M.G. & Kinsley, Sam M., 2019. "Discretisation and duality of optimal Skorokhod embedding problems," Stochastic Processes and their Applications, Elsevier, vol. 129(7), pages 2376-2405.

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