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Synergy cycles in the Norwegian innovation system: The relation between synergy and cycle values

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  • Inga Ivanova
  • Oivind Strand
  • Loet Leydesdorff

Abstract

The knowledge base of an economy measured in terms of Triple Helix relations can be analyzed in terms of mutual information among geographical, sectorial, and size distributions of firms as dimensions of the probabilistic entropy. The resulting synergy values of a TH system provide static snapshots. In this study, we add the time dimension and analyze the synergy dynamics using the Norwegian innovation system as an example. The synergy among the three dimensions can be mapped as a set of partial time series and spectrally analyzed. The results suggest that the synergy at the level of both the country and its 19 counties shoe non-chaotic oscillatory behavior and resonates in a set of natural frequencies. That is, synergy surges and drops are non-random and can be analyzed and predicted. There is a proportional dependence between the amplitudes of oscillations and synergy values and an inverse proportional dependence between the oscillation frequencies' relative inputs and synergy values. This analysis of the data informs us that one can expect frequency-related synergy-volatility growth in relation to the synergy value and a shift in the synergy volatility towards the long-term fluctuations with the synergy growth.

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  • Inga Ivanova & Oivind Strand & Loet Leydesdorff, 2014. "Synergy cycles in the Norwegian innovation system: The relation between synergy and cycle values," Papers 1409.2760, arXiv.org.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:1409.2760
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Leydesdorff, Loet & Fritsch, Michael, 2006. "Measuring the knowledge base of regional innovation systems in Germany in terms of a Triple Helix dynamics," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(10), pages 1538-1553, December.
    2. Fred Y. Ye & Susan S. Yu & Loet Leydesdorff, 2013. "The Triple Helix of university‐industry‐government relations at the country level and its dynamic evolution under the pressures of globalization," Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Association for Information Science & Technology, vol. 64(11), pages 2317-2325, November.
    3. William McGill, 1954. "Multivariate information transmission," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 19(2), pages 97-116, June.
    4. Ki-Seok Kwon & Han Woo Park & Minho So & Loet Leydesdorff, 2012. "Has globalization strengthened South Korea’s national research system? National and international dynamics of the Triple Helix of scientific co-authorship relationships in South Korea," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 90(1), pages 163-176, January.
    5. Morgan,Mary S., 1991. "The History of Econometric Ideas," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521424653, September.
    6. Loet Leydesdorff & Øivind Strand, 2013. "The Swedish system of innovation: Regional synergies in a knowledge-based economy," Journal of the Association for Information Science & Technology, Association for Information Science & Technology, vol. 64(9), pages 1890-1902, September.
    7. Leydesdorff, Loet & Dolfsma, Wilfred & Van der Panne, Gerben, 2006. "Measuring the knowledge base of an economy in terms of triple-helix relations among 'technology, organization, and territory'," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 181-199, March.
    8. Ivanova, Inga A. & Leydesdorff, Loet, 2014. "Rotational symmetry and the transformation of innovation systems in a Triple Helix of university–industry–government relations," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 143-156.
    9. Inga A. Ivanova & Loet Leydesdorff, 2014. "A simulation model of the Triple Helix of university–industry–government relations and the decomposition of the redundancy," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 99(3), pages 927-948, June.
    10. Etzkowitz, Henry & Leydesdorff, Loet, 2000. "The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and "Mode 2" to a Triple Helix of university-industry-government relations," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 109-123, February.
    11. Balazs Lengyel & Loet Leydesdorff, 2011. "Regional Innovation Systems in Hungary: The Failing Synergy at the National Level," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(5), pages 677-693.
    12. Loet Leydesdorff & Han Woo Park & Balazs Lengyel, 2014. "A routine for measuring synergy in university–industry–government relations: mutual information as a Triple-Helix and Quadruple-Helix indicator," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 99(1), pages 27-35, April.
    13. Loet Leydesdorff & Yuan Sun, 2009. "National and international dimensions of the Triple Helix in Japan: University–industry–government versus international coauthorship relations," Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Association for Information Science & Technology, vol. 60(4), pages 778-788, April.
    14. Strand, Øivind & Leydesdorff, Loet, 2013. "Where is synergy indicated in the Norwegian innovation system? Triple-Helix relations among technology, organization, and geography," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 80(3), pages 471-484.
    15. Chris Freeman & Luc Soete, 1997. "The Economics of Industrial Innovation, 3rd Edition," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 3, volume 1, number 0262061953, April.
    16. Loet Leydesdorff & Ping Zhou, 2014. "Measuring the knowledge-based economy of China in terms of synergy among technological, organizational, and geographic attributes of firms," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 98(3), pages 1703-1719, March.
    17. Loet Leydesdorff & Inga A. Ivanova, 2014. "Mutual redundancies in interhuman communication systems: Steps toward a calculus of processing meaning," Journal of the Association for Information Science & Technology, Association for Information Science & Technology, vol. 65(2), pages 386-399, February.
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    1. Eustache Mêgnigbêto, 2018. "Correlation Between Transmission Power and Some Indicators Used to Measure the Knowledge-Based Economy: Case of Six OECD Countries," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 9(4), pages 1168-1183, December.
    2. Mêgnigbêto, Eustache, 2018. "Modelling the Triple Helix of university-industry-government relationships with game theory: Core, Shapley value and nucleolus as indicators of synergy within an innovation system," Journal of Informetrics, Elsevier, vol. 12(4), pages 1118-1132.

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