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Water Saving and Yield Enhancing Micro Irrigation Technologies in India: Theory and Practice

In: Micro Irrigation Systems in India

Author

Listed:
  • M. Dinesh Kumar

    (Institute for Resource Analysis and Policy (IRAP))

Abstract

In this chapter, we attempt to determine the potential benefits from the use of MI systems in India. This is done through assessing: (a) the conditions that are favourable for MI system adoption and the constraints to adoption; (b) the field level and aggregate level impacts of the systems on water use; and (c) the yield and economic benefits from adoption of the system. The research also assesses the future potential coverage of MI systems in India. An analysis of the scope of MI adoption in erstwhile Andhra Pradesh, including its likely impact on water saving is also attempted. The constraints in MI system adoption are: (i) lack of independent source of water and pressurizing device for many farmers; (ii) poor quality of groundwater in many semiarid and arid regions; (iii) the mismatch between water delivery schedules in surface irrigation systems and irrigation schedules required in MI systems; (iv) cropping systems that dominate field crops in semi-arid regions; (v) dominance of small and marginal farmers, and small plot sizes; (vi) low opportunity costs of pumping groundwater due to lack of well-defined water rights; (vii) negative technical externalities in groundwater use; (viii) poor extension services; and (ix) poor administration of subsidies. The future potential of MI systems to improve basin water productivityBasin water productivity is primarily constrained by the physical characteristics of the basins vis-à-vis the opportunities they offer for real water-saving at the field and basin level water productivity improvements, and area under crops that are conducive to MI in those basins. The potential area under water saving MI in India was assessed at 7.98 million hectares. For erstwhile Andhra Pradesh, the potential estimated was estimated to be a mere 0.88 million hectares, in well irrigated areas. What is more important is that adoption is unlikely to result in real water savingReal water saving at the farm level as farmers would expand the area under irrigation, in lieu of the fact that the area irrigated by groundwater is a small fraction of the cultivable land in the region.

Suggested Citation

  • M. Dinesh Kumar, 2016. "Water Saving and Yield Enhancing Micro Irrigation Technologies in India: Theory and Practice," India Studies in Business and Economics, in: P. K. Viswanathan & M. Dinesh Kumar & A. Narayanamoorthy (ed.), Micro Irrigation Systems in India, edition 1, chapter 0, pages 13-36, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:isbchp:978-981-10-0348-6_2
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-0348-6_2
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    Cited by:

    1. Çetin, Oner & Kara, Abdurrahman, 2019. "Assesment of water productivity using different drip irrigation systems for cotton," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 223(C), pages 1-1.
    2. Jeetendra Prakash Aryal & Tek B. Sapkota & Ritika Khurana & Arun Khatri-Chhetri & Dil Bahadur Rahut & M. L. Jat, 2020. "Climate change and agriculture in South Asia: adaptation options in smallholder production systems," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 22(6), pages 5045-5075, August.
    3. Volschenk, Theresa, 2020. "Water use and irrigation management of pomegranate trees - A review," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    4. Nagaraj, N & Anitha, S, 2022. "Impact of micro irrigation on groundwater savings, productivity, and profitability of principal crops in the Eastern Dry Zone and Central Dry Zone of Karnataka: a resource economic analysis," Agricultural Economics Research Review, Agricultural Economics Research Association (India), vol. 35(1), June.
    5. Bahinipati, Chandra Sekhar & Viswanathan, P.K., 2019. "Incentivizing resource efficient technologies in India: Evidence from diffusion of micro-irrigation in the dark zone regions of Gujarat," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 253-260.

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