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Mejorando la seguridad alimentaria y la nutrición mediante las compras públicas locales de alimentos a la agricultura familiar

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Abstract

El presente documento analiza el gran potencial de las compras públicas locales de alimentos (CPLA) a la agricultura familiar como herramienta estratégica que contribuye a la seguridad alimentaria y la nutrición (SAN) en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC). En una región marcada por desigualdades, pobreza rural y altos costos de dietas saludables, las CPLA a la agricultura familiar se presentan como una herramienta de política pública capaz de articular la demanda estatal con la oferta local, promoviendo sistemas agroalimentarios más eficientes, inclusivos, resilientes y sostenibles. La agricultura familiar representa más del 81% de las explotaciones agrícolas en ALC (Leporati et al., 2014), y es clave para la producción de alimentos y el empleo rural. Sin embargo, enfrenta barreras estructurales como baja productividad, acceso limitado a mercados y vulnerabilidad climática. Las CPLA permiten canalizar el gasto público hacia este sector, generando ingresos, empleo, diversificación productiva e inclusión de mujeres proveedoras. El documento presenta experiencias exitosas de CPLA en países como Brasil, Guatemala y Honduras, evidenciando impactos positivos en la producción agrícola, la diversificación alimentaria, el empleo local y la inclusión de mujeres. Se observan aumentos significativos en el área cultivable y el valor bruto de producción, una mayor oferta de alimentos frescos y mínimamente procesados, incrementos de hasta 106% en los ingresos de los productores (Elias et al., 2024), así como una participación femenina en mercados públicos que alcanza hasta el 80% (Conab, 2020). Para potenciar estos resultados, se identifican dos condiciones fundamentales: la existencia de un entorno habilitante mediante marcos normativos que articulen políticas agrícolas, sociales y de compras públicas; y la reducción de barreras de entrada a través de procesos simplificados, precios justos, periodos de pago oportunos y el fortalecimiento de cooperativas. En este contexto, se proponen cinco ejes estratégicos de recomendación: alinear la demanda pública con dietas saludables, establecer marcos normativos favorables, fortalecer los sistemas nacionales de CPLA, generar evidencia rigurosa sobre sus impactos, e integrar las CPLA en políticas de desarrollo productivo territorial. El informe concluye que las CPLA a la agricultura familiar pueden ser motores de inclusión económica, desarrollo productivo y mejora de la SAN, siempre que se implementen con enfoque sistémico, progresivo y basado en evidencia. La clave está en redirigir el gasto público existente hacia compras que generen impactos estructurales en los sistemas agroalimentarios.

Suggested Citation

  • -, 2025. "Mejorando la seguridad alimentaria y la nutrición mediante las compras públicas locales de alimentos a la agricultura familiar," Coediciones, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 84424 edited by Cepal.
  • Handle: RePEc:ecr:col013:84424
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    1. Namdar-Irani, Mina & Saa, Constanza, 2024. "Las compras locales de alimentos como posible factor de desarrollo en América Latina y el Caribe. Etapa 2: las compras inclusivas," Documentos de Proyectos 80776, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
    2. Sumberg, James & Sabates-Wheeler, Rachel, 2011. "Linking agricultural development to school feeding in sub-Saharan Africa: Theoretical perspectives," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(3), pages 341-349, June.
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