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Air Nicotine and Saliva Cotinine as Indicators of Workplace Passive Smoking Exposure and Risk

Author

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  • James L. Repace
  • Jennifer Jinot
  • Steven Bayard
  • Karen Emmons
  • S. Katharine Hammond

Abstract

We model nicotine from environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in office air and salivary cotinine in nonsmoking U.S. workers. We estimate that: an average salivary cotinine level of 0.4 ng/ml corresponds to an increased lifetime mortality risk of 1/1000 for lung cancer, and 1/100 for heart disease; >95% of ETS‐exposed office workers exceed OSHA's significant risk level for heart disease mortality, and 60% exceed significant risk for lung cancer mortality; 4000 heart disease deaths and 400 lung cancer deaths occur annually among office workers from passive smoking in the workplace, at the current 28% prevalence of unrestricted smoking in the office workplace.

Suggested Citation

  • James L. Repace & Jennifer Jinot & Steven Bayard & Karen Emmons & S. Katharine Hammond, 1998. "Air Nicotine and Saliva Cotinine as Indicators of Workplace Passive Smoking Exposure and Risk," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 18(1), pages 71-83, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:riskan:v:18:y:1998:i:1:p:71-83
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1998.tb00917.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Emmons, K.M. & Abrams, D.B. & Marshall, R.J. & Etzel, R.A. & Novotny, T.E. & Marcus, B.H. & Kane, M.E., 1992. "Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in naturalistic settings," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 82(1), pages 24-28.
    2. Brian P. Leaderer, 1990. "Assessing Exposures to Environmental Tobacco Smoke," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 10(1), pages 19-26, March.
    3. James L. Repace & Alfred H. Lowrey, 1993. "An Enforceable Indoor Air Quality Standard for Environmental Tobacco Smoke in the Workplace," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 13(4), pages 463-475, August.
    4. James L. Repace & Alfred H. Lowrey, 1995. "A Rebuttal to Tobacco Industry Criticism of “An Enforceable Indoor Air Quality Standard for Environmental Tobacco Smoke”," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 15(1), pages 7-13, February.
    5. Jarvis, M.J. & Russell, M.A.H. & Benowitz, N.L. & Feyerabend, C., 1988. "Elimination of cotinine from body fluids: Implications for noninvasive measurement of tobacco smoke exposure," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 78(6), pages 696-698.
    6. Abrams, D.B. & Follick, M.J. & Biener, L. & Carey, K.B. & Hitti, J., 1987. "Saliva cotinine as a measure of smoking status in field settings," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 77(7), pages 846-848.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sungroul Kim & Benjamin J. Apelberg & Erika Avila-Tang & Lisa Hepp & Dongmin Yun & Jonathan M. Samet & Patrick N. Breysse, 2014. "Utility and Cutoff Value of Hair Nicotine as a Biomarker of Long-Term Tobacco Smoke Exposure, Compared to Salivary Cotinine," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-15, August.
    2. Jacques J. Prignot, 2011. "Recent Contributions of Air- and Biomarkers to the Control of Secondhand Smoke (SHS): A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-35, March.

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