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Recent Contributions of Air- and Biomarkers to the Control of Secondhand Smoke (SHS): A Review

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  • Jacques J. Prignot

    (Département of Lung Diseases, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1, Place de l'Université, B 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium)

Abstract

Since the publication of the US Surgeon General Reports in 1996 and 2006 and the report of the California Environmental Protection Agency in 1999, many reports have appeared on the contribution of air and biomarkers to different facets of the secondhand smoke (SHS) issue, which are the targets of this review. These recent studies have allowed earlier epidemiological surveys to be biologically validated, and their plausibility demonstrated, quantified the levels of exposure to SHS before the bans in various environments, showed the deficiencies of mechanical control methods and of partial bans and the frequently correct implementation of the efficient total bans. More stringent regulation remains necessary in the public domain (workplaces, hospitality venues, transport sector, etc. ) in many countries. Personal voluntary protection efforts against SHS are also needed in the private domain (homes, private cars). The effects of SHS on the cardiovascular, respiratory and neuropsychic systems, on pregnancy and fertility, on cancers and on SHS genotoxicity are confirmed through experimental human studies and through the relationship between markers and prevalence of disease or of markers of disease risk.

Suggested Citation

  • Jacques J. Prignot, 2011. "Recent Contributions of Air- and Biomarkers to the Control of Secondhand Smoke (SHS): A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-35, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:8:y:2011:i:3:p:648-682:d:11507
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Abrams, S.M. & Mahoney, M.C. & Hyland, A. & Cummings, K.M. & Davis, W. & Song, L., 2006. "Early evidence on the effectiveness of clean indoor air legislation in New York State," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 96(2), pages 296-298.
    2. Stark, M.J. & Rohde, K. & Maher, J.E. & Pizacani, B.A. & Dent, C.W. & Bard, R. & Carmella, S.G. & Benoit, A.R. & Thomson, N.M. & Hecht, S.S., 2007. "The impact of clean indoor air exemptions and preemption policies on the prevalence of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen among nonsmoking bar and restaurant workers," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 97(8), pages 1457-1463.
    3. Jarvis, M.J. & Russell, M.A.H. & Benowitz, N.L. & Feyerabend, C., 1988. "Elimination of cotinine from body fluids: Implications for noninvasive measurement of tobacco smoke exposure," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 78(6), pages 696-698.
    4. James L. Repace & Jennifer Jinot & Steven Bayard & Karen Emmons & S. Katharine Hammond, 1998. "Air Nicotine and Saliva Cotinine as Indicators of Workplace Passive Smoking Exposure and Risk," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 18(1), pages 71-83, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yun Wang & Zhiqiang Huang & Mei Yang & Fuzhi Wang & Shuiyuan Xiao, 2015. "Reducing Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure of Preschool Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Class-Based Health Education and Smoking Cessation Counseling for Caregivers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-18, January.

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