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Does an Audit Judgment Rule Increase or Decrease Auditors' Use of Innovative Audit Procedures?

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  • Yoon Ju Kang
  • M. David Piercey
  • Andrew Trotman

Abstract

The current audit environment encourages auditors to conduct defensive auditing procedures in lieu of using new, innovative, and potentially more effective audit procedures, due to concerns these procedures may be second‐guessed in litigation or by audit inspectors such as the PCAOB. As a result, auditors may prefer traditional “generally accepted” procedures over innovative procedures that are potentially more effective. We test recent proposals that an Audit Judgment Rule (AJR) encourages the use of innovative, and potentially more effective, audit procedures analogous to the similar Business Judgment Rule that affords legal protections to corporate directors. Under an AJR, litigators or audit inspectors could not second‐guess auditor judgments, even if they perceive that alternate judgments would have ordinarily been reached, provided the auditor's judgment was made in good faith and in a rigorous manner. However, the AJR's requirements that auditors must defend the rigor of their innovative judgments could potentially backfire and lead auditors to select more traditional procedures. Under the framework of goal activation theory, we conduct an experiment with audit managers and seniors and find that an AJR makes auditors less likely to select innovative audit procedures, particularly when audit risk is high. They do so despite believing the innovative procedures to be more effective than the traditional procedures. Findings from a supplementary experiment with experienced auditors further suggest that national office affirmation of the reasonableness of the procedures does not help overcome this effect. Overall, our findings suggest that an AJR may have the unintended consequence of further increasing auditors' focus on more traditional, and potentially less effective, audit procedures. Une règle d'appréciation de l'audit aurait‐elle pour conséquence d'accroître ou de réduire le recours des auditeurs à des procédures d'audit novatrices? L'environnement d'audit actuel incite les auditeurs à mettre en œuvre des procédures d'audit défensives plutôt que de recourir à des procédures d'audit novatrices et potentiellement plus efficaces, dans la crainte que ces procédures puissent être remises en cause dans un litige ou par les inspecteurs des audits, comme le PCAOB. Il est donc possible que les auditeurs préfèrent les procédures traditionnelles « généralement reconnues » aux procédures novatrices potentiellement plus efficaces. Les auteurs testent les allégations récentes selon lesquelles une règle d'appréciation de l'audit (Audit Judgment Rule), apparentée à la règle d'appréciation commerciale (Business Judgment Rule) accordant une protection juridique aux dirigeants d'entreprises, favoriserait le recours à des procédures d'audit novatrices, et potentiellement plus efficaces. En vertu d'une telle règle, il serait impossible pour les avocats en litige ou les inspecteurs des audits de remettre en cause les jugements d'un auditeur, même s'ils estiment qu'un jugement différent aurait normalement dû être porté, du moment que l'auditeur a porté ce jugement de bonne foi et avec rigueur. Toutefois, les exigences de la règle d'appréciation de l'audit selon lesquelles l'auditeur doit faire valoir la rigueur de son jugement novateur risquent d’être une arme à deux tranchants et d'amener les auditeurs à opter pour des procédures plus traditionnelles. Dans le cadre de la théorie de l'activation des objectifs, les auteurs procèdent à une expérience faisant intervenir des directeurs en audit et des chefs de mission et constatent qu'une règle d'appréciation de l'audit rend les auditeurs moins enclins à opter pour des procédures d'audit novatrices, en particulier lorsque le risque d'audit est élevé. Les auditeurs agissent ainsi même s'ils croient que les procédures d'audit novatrices sont plus efficaces que les procédures d'audit traditionnelles. Les résultats d'une expérience complémentaire réalisée auprès d'auditeurs expérimentés semblent indiquer au surplus que la confirmation du bien‐fondé des procédures mises en œuvre par le bureau national ne parvient pas à contrer cet effet. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats de l’étude portent à conclure qu'une règle d'appréciation de l'audit pourrait avoir pour conséquence non souhaitée d'accroître la préférence des auditeurs pour les procédures d'audit plus traditionnelles et potentiellement moins efficaces.

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  • Yoon Ju Kang & M. David Piercey & Andrew Trotman, 2020. "Does an Audit Judgment Rule Increase or Decrease Auditors' Use of Innovative Audit Procedures?," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(1), pages 297-321, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:37:y:2020:i:1:p:297-321
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12509
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    1. Stéphane Lhuillery & Marion Tellechea & Stéphanie Thiery, 2021. "Open innovation in managerial innovation: the case of internal audit," Working Papers of BETA 2021-19, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg.
    2. Eilifsen, Aasmund & Hamilton, Erin L. & Messier, William F., 2021. "The importance of quantifying uncertainty: Examining the effects of quantitative sensitivity analysis and audit materiality disclosures on investors’ judgments and decisions," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    3. Lhuillery, Stéphane & Tellechea, Marion & Thiéry, Stéphanie, 2023. "Innovation in lieu of compliance: Internal audit departments’ standardized and non-standardized knowledge sources," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    4. Brown, Timothy & Majors, Tracie M. & Peecher, Mark E., 2020. "Evidence on how different interventions affect juror assessment of auditor legal culpability and responsibility for damages after auditor failure to detect fraud," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).

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