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Deviations from the Mandatory Adoption of IFRS in the European Union: Implementation, Enforcement, Incentives, and Compliance

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  • Grace Pownall
  • Maria Wieczynska

Abstract

In this paper, we evaluate the common assumption that European Union (EU) firms began using international financial reporting standards (IFRS) in 2005 when the EU formally adopted IFRS. Although the incidence of firms using local (or some other) GAAP declined between 2005 and 2012, it is still non‐trivial. By 2012 the incidence of non‐IFRS financial statements was still in excess of 17 percent (87 percent of which were fully consolidated). We estimate a model of the non‐adoption of IFRS as a function of implementation features of the IFRS regulation, country‐specific enforcement, and firm‐specific reporting incentives. As expected, being specifically required by EU‐wide and country‐specific rules to adopt IFRS is positively associated with IFRS adoption but does not constitute a complete explanation. Proxies for enforcement are significantly associated with non‐adoption, but the marginal effects of the enforcement variables are weak. We find that larger firms, firms with foreign operations and more analyst following, and firms that issue new debt and equity were more likely to adopt IFRS, both when the regulation was initially imposed and in subsequent years. We conclude that many EU firms do not use IFRS; that some firms exploited definitions, exemptions, and deferrals to avoid adopting IFRS while some firms simply failed to comply with the regulation; and that firms responded to their incentives in deciding whether to adopt IFRS. Les auteures évaluent l'hypothèse usuelle selon laquelle les sociétés de l'Union européenne (UE) ont commencé à utiliser les normes internationales d'information financière (IFRS) en 2005, lors de l'adoption officielle des IFRS par l'UE. Bien que la proportion de sociétés utilisant des PCGR nationaux (ou d'autres normes) ait décliné entre 2005 et 2012, elle demeure non négligeable. En 2012, la proportion d’états financiers non conformes aux IFRS dépassait toujours 17 pour cent (87 pour cent de ces états financiers étant intégralement consolidés). Les auteures élaborent un modèle de non‐adoption des IFRS en fonction des caractéristiques de mise en œuvre de la réglementation relative aux IFRS, de l'application spécifique au pays, et des motivations propres à l'entreprise quant à la communication d'information financière. Conformément aux prévisions, le fait pour les sociétés d’être spécifiquement tenues d'adopter les IFRS en vertu des règles applicables à l'ensemble de l'UE et des règles propres aux pays est en relation positive avec l'adoption des IFRS, mais cette explication n'est pas complète. Les variables de substitution à l'application des IFRS présentent un lien significatif avec la non‐adoption, mais l'incidence marginale des variables d'application est faible. Les auteures constatent que les sociétés de plus grande envergure, les sociétés exerçant des activités à l’étranger et retenant davantage l'attention des analystes, et les sociétés émettant de nouveaux titres d'emprunt ou de capitaux propres étaient davantage susceptibles d'adopter les IFRS, tant au moment de l'imposition initiale de la réglementation que dans les années subséquentes. Les auteures concluent que bon nombre de sociétés de l'UE n'utilisent pas les IFRS ; que certaines sociétés se sont servies de définitions, d'exemptions et de reports pour se soustraire à l'adoption des IFRS, alors que d'autres se sont simplement abstenues de se conformer à la réglementation ; et que les sociétés ont été influencées par leurs propres motivations dans leur décision quant à l'adoption des IFRS.

Suggested Citation

  • Grace Pownall & Maria Wieczynska, 2018. "Deviations from the Mandatory Adoption of IFRS in the European Union: Implementation, Enforcement, Incentives, and Compliance," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 35(2), pages 1029-1066, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:35:y:2018:i:2:p:1029-1066
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12415
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    Cited by:

    1. Cowan, Arnold R. & Salotti, Valentina, 2020. "Anti-selective disclosure regulation and analyst forecast accuracy and usefulness," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    2. Paul A. Griffin & Hyun A. Hong & Ivalina Kalcheva & Jeong‐Bon Kim, 2022. "Shorting activity and stock return predictability: Evidence from a mandatory disclosure shock," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 51(1), pages 27-71, March.
    3. Alberto Quagli & Corrado Lagazio & Paola Ramassa, 2021. "From enforcement to financial reporting controls (FRCs): a country-level composite indicator," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 25(2), pages 397-427, June.
    4. Donal Byard & Masako Darrough & Jangwon Suh, 2021. "Re-examining the impact of mandatory IFRS adoption on IPO underpricing," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 26(4), pages 1344-1389, December.
    5. Janet Cereola, Sandra & Dynowska, Joanna, 2022. "The impact of IFRS-8, segment reporting, on the disclosure practices of Polish listed companies," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 47(C).
    6. Gordon, Elizabeth A. & Gotti, Giorgio & Ho, Joanna H. & Mora, Araceli & Morris, Richard D., 2019. "Commentary: Where is International Accounting Research Going? Issues Needing Further Investigation," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 37(C).
    7. Byard, Donal & Darrough, Masako & Suh, Jangwon, 2019. "There is No Evidence that Mandatory IFRS Adoption Significantly Decreased IPO Underpricing," SocArXiv b56u2, Center for Open Science.

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