IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/wly/accper/v16y2017i4p345-369.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Directors’ and Officers’ Liability Insurance and Aggressive Tax‐Reporting Activities: Evidence from Canada

Author

Listed:
  • Tao Zeng

Abstract

This paper examines the relationship between directors’ and officers’ liability insurance (D&O insurance) and firms’ aggressive tax reporting. Using large Canadian public companies listed on the TSX300 and relying on several measures to capture aggressive tax‐reporting activities, including GAAP effective tax rates, cash effective tax rates, and the total and residual book‐tax differences, I find that D&O insurance exhibits a strong negative relationship with the GAAP effective tax rates and a strong positive relationship with both the total and residual book‐tax differences. However, there is generally no evidence showing that D&O insurance is associated with the cash effective tax rates. I interpret these results as indicating that D&O insurance reduces the tax expenses reported in the financial statements but not the actual tax paid. In other words, D&O insurance contributes to financial tax management but not to cash tax savings. Further tests in this study reveal that firms with fluctuating D&O coverage limits engage in more aggressive tax reporting than other firms, suggesting that managers may consider the level of D&O insurance that they purchase when they make aggressive tax‐reporting decisions. Assurance responsabilité des administrateurs et des dirigeants et comportement audacieux en matière de déclarations fiscales Résumé L'auteur étudie la relation entre l'assurance responsabilité des administrateurs et des dirigeants (ARAD dans la suite) et le comportement audacieux des entreprises en matière de déclarations fiscales. En examinant un échantillon de sociétés ouvertes canadiennes qui comptent au nombre des entreprises de l'indice TSX 300 et en s'appuyant sur plusieurs mesures qui permettent de saisir les comportements audacieux en matière de déclarations fiscales, notamment les taux d'imposition effectifs selon les PCGR, les taux d'imposition effectifs en trésorerie et les écarts totaux et résiduels entre valeurs comptables et valeurs fiscales, l'auteur constate que l'ARAD affiche une forte relation négative avec les taux d'imposition effectifs selon les PCGR et une forte relation positive avec les écarts aussi bien totaux que résiduels entre valeurs comptables et valeurs fiscales. De façon générale, rien ne démontre toutefois que l'ARAD soit associée aux taux d'imposition effectifs en trésorerie. Selon l'interprétation qu'en fait l'auteur, ces résultats indiquent que l'ARAD réduit les charges fiscales apparaissant dans les états financiers mais non le montant réel des impôts payés. En d'autres termes, l'ARAD contribue à l'aspect financier de la gestion fiscale mais non au montant réel des économies d'impôt. L'auteur pousse plus loin les tests pour constater que les sociétés dont les plafonds de protection d'assurance fluctuent font preuve de plus d'audace que les autres sociétés dans leur comportement en matière de déclarations fiscales, ce qui semble indiquer que les gestionnaires tiendraient compte du niveau d'ARAD dont l'entreprise se dote lorsqu'ils prennent des décisions audacieuses en matière de déclarations fiscales.

Suggested Citation

  • Tao Zeng, 2017. "Directors’ and Officers’ Liability Insurance and Aggressive Tax‐Reporting Activities: Evidence from Canada," Accounting Perspectives, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 16(4), pages 345-369, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:accper:v:16:y:2017:i:4:p:345-369
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3838.12156
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3838.12156
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/1911-3838.12156?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chen, Shuping & Chen, Xia & Cheng, Qiang & Shevlin, Terry, 2010. "Are family firms more tax aggressive than non-family firms?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(1), pages 41-61, January.
    2. Brad Badertscher & Sharon P. Katz & Sonja Olhoft Rego, 2009. "The Impact of Private Equity Ownership on Corporate Tax Avoidance," Harvard Business School Working Papers 10-004, Harvard Business School, revised Mar 2010.
    3. Armstrong, Christopher S. & Blouin, Jennifer L. & Larcker, David F., 2012. "The incentives for tax planning," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(1), pages 391-411.
    4. Sonja Olhoft Rego & Ryan Wilson, 2012. "Equity Risk Incentives and Corporate Tax Aggressiveness," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 50(3), pages 775-810, June.
    5. Tzu-Ching Weng & Chia-Hsuan Tseng & Chun-Ho Chen & Yun-Sheng Hsu, 2014. "Equity-based Executive Compensation, Managerial Legal Liability Coverage and Earnings Management," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 4(3), pages 1-10.
    6. Gupta, Sanjay & Newberry, Kaye, 1997. "Determinants of the variability in corporate effective tax rates: Evidence from longitudinal data," Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, Elsevier, vol. 16(1), pages 1-34.
    7. Chung, Hyeesoo H. & Wynn, Jinyoung P., 2008. "Managerial legal liability coverage and earnings conservatism," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 135-153, September.
    8. Clive Lennox & Petro Lisowsky & Jeffrey Pittman, 2013. "Tax Aggressiveness and Accounting Fraud," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(4), pages 739-778, September.
    9. Adhikari, Ajay & Derashid, Chek & Zhang, Hao, 2006. "Public policy, political connections, and effective tax rates: Longitudinal evidence from Malaysia," Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, Elsevier, vol. 25(5), pages 574-595.
    10. Tao Zeng, 2010. "Ownership Concentration, State Ownership, and Effective Tax Rates: Evidence from China’s Listed Firms," Accounting Perspectives, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 9(4), pages 271-289, December.
    11. Baker, Tom & Griffith, Sean J., 2010. "Ensuring Corporate Misconduct," University of Chicago Press Economics Books, University of Chicago Press, number 9780226035154, September.
    12. Hanlon, Michelle & Heitzman, Shane, 2010. "A review of tax research," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(2-3), pages 127-178, December.
    13. Kothari, S.P. & Leone, Andrew J. & Wasley, Charles E., 2005. "Performance matched discretionary accrual measures," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 163-197, February.
    14. Zimmerman, Jerold L., 1983. "Taxes and firm size," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 5(1), pages 119-149, April.
    15. Liansheng Wu & Yaping Wang & Wei Luo & Paul Gillis, 2012. "State ownership, tax status and size effect of effective tax rate in China," Accounting and Business Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(2), pages 97-114, June.
    16. Sonja Olhoft Rego, 2003. "Tax†Avoidance Activities of U.S. Multinational Corporations," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 20(4), pages 805-833, December.
    17. Zou, Hong & Wong, Sonia & Shum, Clement & Xiong, Jun & Yan, Jun, 2008. "Controlling-minority shareholder incentive conflicts and directors' and officers' liability insurance: Evidence from China," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(12), pages 2636-2645, December.
    18. Chansog (Francis) Kim & Liandong Zhang, 2016. "Corporate Political Connections and Tax Aggressiveness," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 33(1), pages 78-114, March.
    19. Lim, Youngdeok, 2011. "Tax avoidance, cost of debt and shareholder activism: Evidence from Korea," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 456-470, February.
    20. Danielle Higgins & Thomas C. Omer & John D. Phillips, 2015. "The Influence of a Firm's Business Strategy on its Tax Aggressiveness," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(2), pages 674-702, June.
    21. Wu, Liansheng & Wang, Yaping & Lin, Bing-Xuan & Li, Chen & Chen, Shaw, 2007. "Local tax rebates, corporate tax burdens, and firm migration: Evidence from China," Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, Elsevier, vol. 26(5), pages 555-583.
    22. Graham, John R. & Raedy, Jana S. & Shackelford, Douglas A., 2012. "Research in accounting for income taxes," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(1), pages 412-434.
    23. Lin, Chen & Officer, Micah S. & Wang, Rui & Zou, Hong, 2013. "Directors' and officers' liability insurance and loan spreads," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 110(1), pages 37-60.
    24. Anja de Waegenaere & Richard Sansing & Jacco L. Wielhouwer, 2015. "Financial Accounting Effects of Tax Aggressiveness: Contracting and Measurement," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(1), pages 223-242, March.
    25. Core, John E, 2000. "The Directors' and Officers' Insurance Premium: An Outside Assessment of the Quality of Corporate Governance," The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, Oxford University Press, vol. 16(2), pages 449-477, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Shi, Chunling & Sun, Yaodong & Lyu, Jia, 2023. "D&O insurance, technology independent directors, and R&D investment," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    2. Dain C. Donelson & Jennifer L. Glenn & Christopher G. Yust, 2022. "Is tax aggressiveness associated with tax litigation risk? Evidence from D&O Insurance," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 27(2), pages 519-569, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Belz, Thomas & von Hagen, Dominik & Steffens, Christian, 2019. "Taxes and firm size: Political cost or political power?," Journal of Accounting Literature, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 1-28.
    2. Kovermann, Jost & Velte, Patrick, 2019. "The impact of corporate governance on corporate tax avoidance—A literature review," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 1-1.
    3. Elena Fernández-Rodríguez & Roberto García-Fernández & Antonio Martínez-Arias, 2019. "Influence of Ownership Structure on the Determinants of Effective Tax Rates of Spanish Companies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-19, March.
    4. Fangjun Wang & Shuolei Xu & Junqin Sun & Charles P. Cullinan, 2020. "Corporate Tax Avoidance: A Literature Review And Research Agenda," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(4), pages 793-811, September.
    5. Paulo Jorge Varela Lopes Dias & Pedro Miguel Gomes Reis, 2018. "The relationship between the effective tax rate and the nominal rate," Contaduría y Administración, Accounting and Management, vol. 63(2), pages 23-24, Junio.
    6. Francisco J. Delgado & Elena Fernández-Rodríguez & Roberto García-Fernández & Manuel Landajo & Antonio Martínez-Arias, 2023. "Tax avoidance and earnings management: a neural network approach for the largest European economies," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 9(1), pages 1-25, December.
    7. Martin Jacob & Anna Rohlfing-Bastian & Kai Sandner, 2021. "Why do not all firms engage in tax avoidance?," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 15(2), pages 459-495, February.
    8. Taylor, Grantley & Richardson, Grant, 2014. "Incentives for corporate tax planning and reporting: Empirical evidence from Australia," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 10(1), pages 1-15.
    9. Paul Demeré & Michael P. Donohoe & Petro Lisowsky, 2020. "The Economic Effects of Special Purpose Entities on Corporate Tax Avoidance," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(3), pages 1562-1597, September.
    10. Richardson, Grant & Lanis, Roman & Taylor, Grantley, 2015. "Financial distress, outside directors and corporate tax aggressiveness spanning the global financial crisis: An empirical analysis," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 112-129.
    11. Thomsen, Martin & Watrin, Christoph, 2018. "Tax avoidance over time: A comparison of European and U.S. firms," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 40-63.
    12. Ahmed Al-Hadi & Grantley Taylor & Grant Richardson, 2022. "Are corruption and corporate tax avoidance in the United States related?," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 27(1), pages 344-389, March.
    13. Juan Monterrey Mayoral & Amparo Sánchez Segura, 2015. "Planificación fiscal y Gobierno Corporativo en las empresas cotizadas españolas," Hacienda Pública Española / Review of Public Economics, IEF, vol. 214(3), pages 55-89, September.
    14. Christofer Adrian & Mukesh Garg & Anh Viet Pham & Soon-Yeow Phang & Cameron Truong, 2023. "Do Natural Disasters Affect Corporate Tax Avoidance? The Case of Drought," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 186(1), pages 105-135, August.
    15. Mahmud Hossain & Gerald J. Lobo & Santanu Mitra, 2023. "Firm-level political risk and corporate tax avoidance," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 60(1), pages 295-327, January.
    16. Roman Lanis & Grant Richardson & Grantley Taylor, 2017. "Board of Director Gender and Corporate Tax Aggressiveness: An Empirical Analysis," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 144(3), pages 577-596, September.
    17. Kovermann, Jost & Wendt, Martin, 2019. "Tax avoidance in family firms: Evidence from large private firms," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 145-157.
    18. Li, Xiaoxia & Cai, Guilong & Luo, Danglun, 2020. "GDP distortion and tax avoidance in local SOEs: Evidence from China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 582-598.
    19. Hossain, Mahmud & Mitra, Santanu, 2023. "Does headquarters location matter in corporate tax avoidance?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    20. Ziqi Gao & Louise Yi Lu & Yangxin Yu, 2019. "Local Social Environment, Firm Tax Policy, and Firm Characteristics," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 158(2), pages 487-506, August.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wly:accper:v:16:y:2017:i:4:p:345-369. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://doi.org/10.1111/(ISSN)1911-3838 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.