IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/vrs/enviro/v13y2025i2p35-47n1004.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Analysis of the labour market in the tourism sector in Poland in statistical terms before, during and after the Covid 19 pandemic

Author

Listed:
  • Parzych Krzysztof

    (Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Institute of Geography, Partyzantów Str. 27, Słupsk, Poland)

Abstract

The article addresses the issue of changes in the labour market in the tourism services sector in the context of Covid 19 pandemic. It analyses the changes in the labour market in tourism services between 2011-2019, in the year of the announcement of the pandemic -2020 and in the post-pandemic period (in the year 2023), in relation to selected labour market measures in section I of the Polish Classification of Activity (PKD),usingthe statistical data of the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office for individual voivodeships. In order to assess the statistical differences in the basic indicators and measures of the labor market in tourism services, the basic measures of variability of statistical data (mean average, standard deviation and coefficient of variation), Ward's cluster analysis and variability charts were used. The state of the Covid 19 pandemic and related sanitary and epidemiological restrictions in 2020 caused a collapse of the tourism services market in all Polish voivodeships. A greater sensitivity to the effects of the Covid 19 pandemic was noticeable in the mountain voivodeships, traditionally intensively visited by tourists and in the regions with large tourist and sightseeing centres. The coastal voivodeships were positively distinguished by the relatively smaller effects of the increase in the unemployment rate in the tourism services sector and by greater flexibility on the effects of the lockdown during the Covid 19 pandemic. After the pandemic period in the years 2021-2023 there was a systematic increase in the value of tourism traffic indicators and related labour market measures in tourism services in all Polish voivodeships.

Suggested Citation

  • Parzych Krzysztof, 2025. "Analysis of the labour market in the tourism sector in Poland in statistical terms before, during and after the Covid 19 pandemic," Environmental & Socio-economic Studies, Sciendo, vol. 13(2), pages 35-47.
    • Handle: RePEc:vrs:enviro:v:13:y:2025:i:2:p:35-47:n:1004
    DOI: 10.2478/environ-2025-0010
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.2478/environ-2025-0010
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.2478/environ-2025-0010?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Collins-Kreiner, Noga & Ram, Yael, 2021. "National tourism strategies during the Covid-19 pandemic," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    2. Fatemeh Gorji Zadeh, 2022. "Entrepreneurship and SMEs under COVID-19 crisis: A literature review," International Entrepreneurship Review, Centre for Strategic and International Entrepreneurship at the Cracow University of Economics., vol. 8(3), pages 23-35.
    3. Sun, Yunchuan & Zeng, Xiaoping & Zhao, Han & Simkins, Betty & Cui, Xuegang, 2022. "The impact of COVID-19 on SMEs in China: Textual analysis and empirical evidence," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 45(C).
    4. Chia-Lin Chang & Michael McAleer & Vicente Ramos, 2020. "A Charter for Sustainable Tourism after COVID-19," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-4, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Chuanlu Ge & Yuhan Bi & Jia Xu, 2024. "Local donation culture and corporate tax avoidance: Evidence from China," Economics and Politics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(2), pages 734-763, July.
    2. Da Van Huynh & Thuy Thi Kim Truong & Long Hai Duong & Nhan Trong Nguyen & Giang Vu Huong Dao & Canh Ngoc Dao, 2021. "The COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impacts on Tourism Business in a Developing City: Insight from Vietnam," Economies, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-17, November.
    3. Salinas Fernández, José Antonio & Guaita Martínez, José Manuel & Martín Martín, José María, 2022. "An analysis of the competitiveness of the tourism industry in a context of economic recovery following the COVID19 pandemic," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    4. Łukasz Mamica & Jakub Głowacki & Kamil Makieła, 2021. "Determinants of the Energy Poverty of Polish Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-15, June.
    5. Christian M. Hafner, 2020. "The Spread of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Time and Space," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-13, May.
    6. Monika Widz & Renata Krukowska & Bartłomiej Walas & Zygmunt Kruczek, 2022. "Course of Values of Key Performance Indicators in City Hotels during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Poland Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-16, September.
    7. Anca-Gabriela Turtureanu & Rodica Pripoaie & Carmen-Mihaela Cretu & Carmen-Gabriela Sirbu & Emanuel Ştefan Marinescu & Laurentiu-Gabriel Talaghir & Florentina Chițu, 2022. "A Projection Approach of Tourist Circulation under Conditions of Uncertainty," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-21, February.
    8. Larissa Batrancea, 2021. "The Nexus between Financial Performance and Equilibrium: Empirical Evidence on Publicly Traded Companies from the Global Financial Crisis Up to the COVID-19 Pandemic," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-12, May.
    9. Fasano, Francesco & Javier Sánchez-Vidal, F. & La Rocca, Maurizio, 2022. "The role of government policies for Italian firms during the COVID-19 crisis," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    10. Tsung-Hung Lee & Fen-Hauh Jan, 2022. "How Does Personality Affect COVID-19 Pandemic Travel Risk Perceptions and Behaviors? Evidence from Segment Analysis in Taiwan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, December.
    11. Alba Viana-Lora & Marta Gemma Nel-lo-Andreu, 2022. "Bibliometric analysis of trends in COVID-19 and tourism," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 9(1), pages 1-8, December.
    12. Beatriz Palacios-Florencio & Luna Santos-Roldán & Juan Manuel Berbel-Pineda & Ana María Castillo-Canalejo, 2021. "Sustainable Tourism as a Driving force of the Tourism Industry in a Post-Covid-19 Scenario," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 158(3), pages 991-1011, December.
    13. Yusuke Kitamura & Selim Karkour & Yuki Ichisugi & Norihiro Itsubo, 2020. "Evaluation of the Economic, Environmental, and Social Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Japanese Tourism Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-22, December.
    14. Hatem El-Gohary, 2020. "Coronavirus and Halal Tourism and Hospitality Industry: Is It a Journey to the Unknown?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-26, November.
    15. Yanan Li & Sid Terason, 2023. "Configuring the Pattern of Sustainable Tourism Development as Affected by the Construction of a High-Speed Railway System," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(3), pages 21582440231, July.
    16. Michał Roman & Piotr Grudzień, 2021. "The Essence of Agritourism and Its Profitability during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-25, May.
    17. Melnyk Mariana & Leshchukh Iryna & Baranova Viktoriia, 2021. "The Effect of the Covid-19 Pandemic and Quarantine Restrictions on Business and Socio-Economic Dynamics in Ukraine," Management Theory and Studies for Rural Business and Infrastructure Development, Sciendo, vol. 43(3), pages 415-429, September.
    18. Nawaf Alhajaj & Amer Habibullah, 2025. "Assessing Walking Routes for Wheelchair Accessibility at a Historic District in Saudi Arabia to Enhance Social Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-26, April.
    19. Ma, Li-na & Zhang, Jing-jing, 2025. "Digital transformation, board structure, and organizational innovation capacity," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    20. Alessandra Fermani & Maria Rita Sergi & Angelo Carrieri & Isabella Crespi & Laura Picconi & Aristide Saggino, 2020. "Sustainable Tourism and Facilities Preferences: The Sustainable Tourist Stay Scale (STSS) Validation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-14, November.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:vrs:enviro:v:13:y:2025:i:2:p:35-47:n:1004. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Peter Golla (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.sciendo.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.