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Closing the Innovation Gap in Pink and Black

Author

Listed:
  • Lisa D. Cook
  • Janet Gerson
  • Jennifer Kuan

Abstract

Recent research shows the negative impact of discrimination not only on the targets of discrimination but also on the economy as a whole. Racial and gender inequality can limit the entire economy’s productive capacity and innovation outcomes. Using new data from the National Science Foundation’s Survey of Earned Doctorates on the scientific workforce from 1980 to 2019, as well as patenting and commercialization data, we examine racial and gender disparities at each stage of the innovation process: education and training, the practice of invention, and commercialization. Although improving along certain dimensions over time, we find persistent racial and gender disparities consistent with the current literature. To reverse the negative effects on productive capacity and long-run economic growth, we also discuss the literature on mitigating discriminatory practices at each juncture, which could have significant distributional effects as access to good jobs expands.

Suggested Citation

  • Lisa D. Cook & Janet Gerson & Jennifer Kuan, 2022. "Closing the Innovation Gap in Pink and Black," Entrepreneurship and Innovation Policy and the Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 1(1), pages 43-66.
    • Handle: RePEc:ucp:eipoec:doi:10.1086/719250
    DOI: 10.1086/719250
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    Cited by:

    1. Burrage, April & Dasgupta, Nilanjana & Ganguli, Ina, 2025. "Gender diversity in academic entrepreneurship: Social impact motives and the NSF I-corps program," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 54(3).
    2. Robert Fairlie & David T. Robinson, 2023. "Racial Differences in Access to Capital for Innovative Start-Ups," Entrepreneurship and Innovation Policy and the Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 2(1), pages 149-166.
    3. Sarah Armitage & Noël Bakhtian & Adam Jaffe, 2024. "Innovation Market Failures and the Design of New Climate Policy Instruments," Environmental and Energy Policy and the Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 5(1), pages 4-48.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • O31 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes

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