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Comparing distributions of ordinal data

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  • Stephen P. Jenkins

    (London School of Economics and Political Science)

Abstract

To compare distributions of ordinal data such as individuals’ responses on Likert-type scale variables summarizing subjective well-being, we should not apply the toolbox of methods developed for cardinal variables such as income. Instead, we should use an analogous toolbox that accounts for the ordinal nature of the responses. In this article, I review these methods and introduce a new command, ineqord, for undertaking distributional comparisons. As the empirical illustrations demonstrate, ineqord can be used for dominance checks as well as for estimation of indices of polarization and inequality.

Suggested Citation

  • Stephen P. Jenkins, 2020. "Comparing distributions of ordinal data," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 20(3), pages 505-531, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:tsj:stataj:v:20:y:2020:i:3:p:505-531
    DOI: 10.1177/1536867X20953565
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    1. Benedicte Apouey, 2007. "Measuring health polarization with self‐assessed health data," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(9), pages 875-894, September.
    2. Stephen P. Jenkins, 2021. "Inequality Comparisons with Ordinal Data," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 67(3), pages 547-563, September.
    3. David M Kaplan & Wei Zhao, 2023. "Comparing latent inequality with ordinal data," The Econometrics Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 26(2), pages 189-214.
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    5. Ruut Veenhoven, 2005. "Inequality Of Happiness in Nations," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 6(4), pages 351-355, December.
    6. David Madden, 2010. "Ordinal and cardinal measures of health inequality: an empirical comparison," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 19(2), pages 243-250, February.
    7. Stephen P. Jenkins, 2020. "Better off? Distributional comparisons for ordinal data about personal well-being," New Zealand Economic Papers, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 54(3), pages 211-238, September.
    8. Wim Kalmijn & Ruut Veenhoven, 2005. "Measuring Inequality of Happiness in Nations: In Search for Proper Statistics," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 6(4), pages 357-396, December.
    9. Abul Naga, Ramses H. & Yalcin, Tarik, 2008. "Inequality measurement for ordered response health data," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 27(6), pages 1614-1625, December.
    10. Roger Newson, 2003. "Confidence intervals and p-values for delivery to the end user," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 3(3), pages 245-269, September.
    11. Frank A. Cowell & Emmanuel Flachaire, 2017. "Inequality with Ordinal Data," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 84(334), pages 290-321, April.
    12. Timothy N. Bond & Kevin Lang, 2019. "The Sad Truth about Happiness Scales," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 127(4), pages 1629-1640.
    13. Allison, R. Andrew & Foster, James E., 2004. "Measuring health inequality using qualitative data," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 23(3), pages 505-524, May.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Stephen P. Jenkins, 2021. "Inequality Comparisons with Ordinal Data," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 67(3), pages 547-563, September.
    3. Arthur Grimes, 2022. "Measuring Pandemic and Lockdown Impacts on Wellbeing," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 68(2), pages 409-427, June.
    4. Olivier BARGAIN & Maria C. LO BUE & Flaviana PALMISANO, 2022. "Dynastic Measures of Intergenerational Mobility," Bordeaux Economics Working Papers 2022-21, Bordeaux School of Economics (BSE).
    5. Jan Delhey & Stephanie Hess & Klaus Boehnke & Franziska Deutsch & Jan Eichhorn & Ulrich Kühnen & Christian Welzel, 2023. "Life Satisfaction During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Human, Economic, Social, and Psychological Capital," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 24(7), pages 2201-2222, October.
    6. Enza Simeone, 2023. "Inequality in health status during the COVID-19 in the UK: does the impact of the second lockdown policy matter?," Working Papers 661, ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality.
    7. Fakih, Ali & Makdissi, Paul & Marrouch, Walid & Tabri, Rami V. & Yazbeck, Myra, 2022. "A stochastic dominance test under survey nonresponse with an application to comparing trust levels in Lebanese public institutions," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 228(2), pages 342-358.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    ineqord; inequality; ordinal data; subjective well-being; life satisfaction; Annual Population Survey;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • I31 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General Welfare, Well-Being

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