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Multi-period Research Designs for Identifying Causal Effects of Built Environment Characteristics on Travel Behaviour

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  • Paul van de Coevering
  • Kees Maat
  • Bert van Wee

Abstract

To date, most empirical studies have applied cross-sectional designs to investigate the relationship between the built environment (BE) and travel behaviour (TB). Since these studies cannot identify causal influence, the use of designs that provide data on multiple moments in time seems necessary. This article classifies these designs and describes how they can be applied to identify causality in this relationship. We recommend the use of natural experiments to assess the impact of changes in land use/infrastructure and prospective longitudinal designs to assess the impact of residential or job moves. In addition, the role of the BE can be explored by assessing the impact of (1) deliberate TB change experiments and (2) changes in household circumstances across different spatial contexts over time. The use of randomised experimental designs is recommended for the former and prospective longitudinal designs for the latter. The article concludes with an outlook on future research.

Suggested Citation

  • Paul van de Coevering & Kees Maat & Bert van Wee, 2015. "Multi-period Research Designs for Identifying Causal Effects of Built Environment Characteristics on Travel Behaviour," Transport Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 35(4), pages 512-532, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:4:p:512-532
    DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1025455
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Lee, Yongsung & Guhathakurta, Subhrajit, 2018. "An analysis of the effects of suburban densification on vehicle use for shopping: Do existing residents respond to land-use changes in the same way as recent movers?," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 193-204.
    2. Liu, Yan & Wang, Siqin & Xie, Bin, 2019. "Evaluating the effects of public transport fare policy change together with built and non-built environment features on ridership: The case in South East Queensland, Australia," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 78-89.
    3. Calvin P Tribby & Harvey J Miller & Barbara B Brown & Carol M Werner & Ken R Smith, 2017. "Analyzing walking route choice through built environments using random forests and discrete choice techniques," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 44(6), pages 1145-1167, November.
    4. Aston, Laura & Currie, Graham & Kamruzzaman, Md. & Delbosc, Alexa & Teller, David, 2020. "Study design impacts on built environment and transit use research," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    5. van de Coevering, Paul & Maat, Kees & van Wee, Bert, 2021. "Causes and effects between attitudes, the built environment and car kilometres: A longitudinal analysis," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    6. Ibraeva, Anna & Correia, Gonçalo Homem de Almeida & Silva, Cecília & Antunes, António Pais, 2020. "Transit-oriented development: A review of research achievements and challenges," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 110-130.
    7. Taekyoung Kim & Sang D Choi & Shuping Xiong, 2020. "Epidemiology of fall and its socioeconomic risk factors in community-dwelling Korean elderly," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(6), pages 1-14, June.
    8. Aston, Laura & Currie, Graham & Kamruzzaman, Md. & Delbosc, Alexa & Fournier, Nicholas & Teller, David, 2020. "Addressing transit mode location bias in built environment-transit mode use research," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    9. Faan Chen & Adriano Borges Costa, 2024. "Exploring the causal effects of the built environment on travel behavior: a unique randomized experiment in Shanghai," Transportation, Springer, vol. 51(1), pages 215-245, February.
    10. Yang, Min & Wu, Jingxian & Rasouli, Soora & Cirillo, Cinzia & Li, Dawei, 2017. "Exploring the impact of residential relocation on modal shift in commute trips: Evidence from a quasi-longitudinal analysis," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 142-152.
    11. van Wee, Bert & De Vos, Jonas & Maat, Kees, 2019. "Impacts of the built environment and travel behaviour on attitudes: Theories underpinning the reverse causality hypothesis," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    12. Zang, Peng & Lu, Yi & Ma, Jing & Xie, Bo & Wang, Ruoyu & Liu, Ye, 2019. "Disentangling residential self-selection from impacts of built environment characteristics on travel behaviors for older adults," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 1-1.

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