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Travel Time and Distance as Relative Accessibility in the Journey to Work

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  • Michael A. Niedzielski
  • E. Eric Boschmann

Abstract

The ability to access places of opportunity is dependent on the land use distribution, the transportation network connecting homes and activity sites, and sociodemographic-dependent mobility. Accessibility indicators are used as a planning tool to capture accessibility variations in the assessment and development of social, land use, and transportation policy. A number of metrics have been proposed to understand patterns of unequal access that typically fall under overlapping three pairs of contrasting notions of accessibility: place- versus person-based, normative versus positive, and potential versus actual. Variations in accessibility for different people in different locations might arise from the dynamic nature of the people–space–transportation triad. What is less explored is how these dynamics, resulting from the confluence of changing urban structures, diverging mobility resources, and socioeconomic transformations, might reveal unusual accessibility experiences based on unexpected travel time and distance relations. Quite simply, longer (shorter) distances can be traversed in shorter (longer) travel times than would be expected given a specific people–space–transportation situation. Using this linear and nonlinear perspective on time–distance relations, we define a new pair of contrasting notions: monotonic versus nonmonotonic accessibility to investigate diverging commuting experiences. We demonstrate this idea by performing a place-based analysis of commuting data disaggregated by poverty status in the Denver metropolitan area. We find that (1) unexpected commuting experiences do exist and constitute a signification portion of commutes; (2) accessibility variations that are generally not anticipated by traditional place-based metrics; and (3) expected and inverted commuting experiences exist adjacent to each other.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael A. Niedzielski & E. Eric Boschmann, 2014. "Travel Time and Distance as Relative Accessibility in the Journey to Work," Annals of the American Association of Geographers, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 104(6), pages 1156-1182, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:raagxx:v:104:y:2014:i:6:p:1156-1182
    DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2014.958398
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    Cited by:

    1. Costa, Cayo & Ha, Jaehyun & Lee, Sugie, 2021. "Spatial disparity of income-weighted accessibility in Brazilian Cities: Application of a Google Maps API," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    2. Boisjoly, Geneviève & El-Geneidy, Ahmed, 2016. "Daily fluctuations in transit and job availability: A comparative assessment of time-sensitive accessibility measures," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 73-81.
    3. Ioannis Baraklianos & Louafi Bouzouina & Patrick Bonnel & Hind Aissaoui, 2020. "Does the accessibility measure influence the results of residential location choice modelling?," Transportation, Springer, vol. 47(3), pages 1147-1176, June.
    4. Абанкина И. В. & Филатова Л. М., 2018. "Доступность Дошкольного Образования," Вопросы образования // Educational Studies Moscow, National Research University Higher School of Economics, issue 3, pages 216-246.
    5. David S. Vale & Fernando Ascensão & Nuno Raposo & António Pedro Figueiredo, 2017. "Comparing access for all: disability-induced accessibility disparity in Lisbon," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 19(1), pages 43-64, January.
    6. Maria Kuklina & Antonina Savvinova & Viktoria Filippova & Natalia Krasnoshtanova & Viktor Bogdanov & Alla Fedorova & Dmitrii Kobylkin & Andrey Trufanov & Zolzaya Dashdorj, 2022. "Sustainability and Resilience of Indigenous Siberian Communities under the Impact of Transportation Infrastructure Transformation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-19, May.
    7. Goliszek Sławomir, 2022. "The potential accessibility to workplaces and working-age population by means of public and private car transport in Szczecin," Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development, Sciendo, vol. 26(1), pages 31-41, January.
    8. Lingqian Hu, 2017. "Job accessibility and employment outcomes: which income groups benefit the most?," Transportation, Springer, vol. 44(6), pages 1421-1443, November.
    9. Long Zhou & Guoqiang Shen & Yao Wu & Robert Brown & Tian Chen & Chenyu Wang, 2018. "Urban Form, Growth, and Accessibility in Space and Time: Anatomy of Land Use at the Parcel-Level in a Small to Medium-Sized American City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-24, December.
    10. Zhiyuan Yao & Changjoo Kim, 2019. "The Changes of Urban Structure and Commuting: An Application to Metropolitan Statistical Areas in the United States," International Regional Science Review, , vol. 42(1), pages 3-30, January.
    11. Goliszek Sławomir & Połom Marcin & Duma Patryk, 2020. "Potential and cumulative accessibility of workplaces by public transport in Szczecin," Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, Sciendo, vol. 50(50), pages 133-146, December.
    12. Sławomir Goliszek, 2021. "GIS tools and programming languages for creating models of public and private transport potential accessibility in Szczecin, Poland," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 23(1), pages 115-137, January.
    13. Irina Abankina & Ludmila Filatova, 2018. "Accessibility of Pre-School Education," Voprosy obrazovaniya / Educational Studies Moscow, National Research University Higher School of Economics, issue 3, pages 216-246.
    14. Yang, Wenyue & Chen, Bi Yu & Cao, Xiaoshu & Li, Tao & Li, Peng, 2017. "The spatial characteristics and influencing factors of modal accessibility gaps: A case study for Guangzhou, China," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 21-32.
    15. Anzhelika Antipova, 2020. "Analysis of Commuting Distances of Low-Income Workers in Memphis Metropolitan Area, TN," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-21, February.
    16. Xia, Nan & Cheng, Liang & Chen, Song & Wei, XiaoYan & Zong, WenWen & Li, ManChun, 2018. "Accessibility based on Gravity-Radiation model and Google Maps API: A case study in Australia," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 178-190.
    17. Yujie Hu & Fahui Wang & Chester Wilmot, 2020. "Commuting Variability by Wage Groups in Baton Rouge 1990-2010," Papers 2006.03498, arXiv.org.

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