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Quadratic Hawkes processes for financial prices

Author

Listed:
  • P. Blanc
  • J. Donier
  • J.-P. Bouchaud

Abstract

We introduce and establish the main properties of QHawkes (‘Quadratic’ Hawkes) models. QHawkes models generalize the Hawkes price models introduced in Bacry and Muzy [Quant. Finance, 2014, 14(7), 1147–1166], by allowing feedback effects in the jump intensity that are linear and quadratic in past returns. Our model exhibits two main properties that we believe are crucial in the modelling and the understanding of the volatility process: first, the model is time-reversal asymmetric, similar to financial markets whose time evolution has a preferred direction. Second, it generates a multiplicative, fat-tailed volatility process, that we characterize in detail in the case of exponentially decaying kernels, and which is linked to Pearson diffusions in the continuous limit. Several other interesting properties of QHawkes processes are discussed, in particular the fact that they can generate long memory without necessarily being at the critical point. A non-parametric fit of the QHawkes model on NYSE stock data shows that the off-diagonal component of the quadratic kernel indeed has a structure that standard Hawkes models fail to reproduce. We provide numerical simulations of our calibrated QHawkes model which is indeed seen to reproduce, with only a small amount of quadratic non-linearity, the correct magnitude of fat-tails and time reversal asymmetry seen in empirical time series.

Suggested Citation

  • P. Blanc & J. Donier & J.-P. Bouchaud, 2017. "Quadratic Hawkes processes for financial prices," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(2), pages 171-188, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:quantf:v:17:y:2017:i:2:p:171-188
    DOI: 10.1080/14697688.2016.1193215
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Thibault Jaisson & Mathieu Rosenbaum, 2015. "Rough fractional diffusions as scaling limits of nearly unstable heavy tailed Hawkes processes," Papers 1504.03100, arXiv.org.
    2. Ramsey, James B. & Rothman, Philip, 1988. "Characterization Of The Time Irreversibility Of Economic Time Series: Estimators And Test Statistics," Working Papers 88-39, C.V. Starr Center for Applied Economics, New York University.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Léo Parent, 2022. "The EWMA Heston model," Post-Print hal-04431111, HAL.
    2. Turiel, Jeremy D. & Aste, Tomaso, 2022. "Heterogeneous criticality in high frequency finance: a phase transition in flash crashes," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 113892, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    3. Kevin Primicerio & Damien Challet, 2018. "Large large-trader activity weakens the long memory of limit order markets," Papers 1803.08390, arXiv.org.
    4. Kyungsub Lee, 2022. "Application of Hawkes volatility in the observation of filtered high-frequency price process in tick structures," Papers 2207.05939, arXiv.org.
    5. Rudy Morel & Gaspar Rochette & Roberto Leonarduzzi & Jean-Philippe Bouchaud & St'ephane Mallat, 2022. "Scale Dependencies and Self-Similar Models with Wavelet Scattering Spectra," Papers 2204.10177, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2023.
    6. Antoine Fosset & Jean-Philippe Bouchaud & Michael Benzaquen, 2020. "Non-parametric Estimation of Quadratic Hawkes Processes for Order Book Events," Working Papers hal-02998555, HAL.
    7. Masato Hisakado & Kodai Hattori & Shintaro Mori, 2022. "Multi-dimensional Self-Exciting NBD Process and Default Portfolios," The Review of Socionetwork Strategies, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 493-512, October.
    8. Simon Clinet, 2020. "Quasi-likelihood analysis for marked point processes and application to marked Hawkes processes," Papers 2001.11624, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2021.
    9. Ofelia Bonesini & Giorgia Callegaro & Martino Grasselli & Gilles Pag`es, 2023. "From elephant to goldfish (and back): memory in stochastic Volterra processes," Papers 2306.02708, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2023.
    10. Simon Clinet, 2022. "Quasi-likelihood analysis for marked point processes and application to marked Hawkes processes," Statistical Inference for Stochastic Processes, Springer, vol. 25(2), pages 189-225, July.
    11. Antoine Fosset & Jean-Philippe Bouchaud & Michael Benzaquen, 2020. "Endogenous Liquidity Crises," Post-Print hal-02567495, HAL.
    12. Omar El Euch & Jim Gatheral & Radov{s} Radoiv{c}i'c & Mathieu Rosenbaum, 2018. "The Zumbach effect under rough Heston," Papers 1809.02098, arXiv.org.
    13. Mathieu Rosenbaum & Jianfei Zhang, 2022. "On the universality of the volatility formation process: when machine learning and rough volatility agree," Papers 2206.14114, arXiv.org.
    14. Hai-Chuan Xu & Wei-Xing Zhou, 2020. "Modeling aggressive market order placements with Hawkes factor models," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, January.
    15. Marcus Cordi & Serge Kassibrakis & Damien Challet, 2018. "The market nanostructure origin of asset price time reversal asymmetry," Working Papers hal-01966419, HAL.
    16. Bruno Durin & Mathieu Rosenbaum & Gr'egoire Szymanski, 2023. "The two square root laws of market impact and the role of sophisticated market participants," Papers 2311.18283, arXiv.org.
    17. Marcus Cordi & Damien Challet & Serge Kassibrakis, 2021. "The market nanostructure origin of asset price time reversal asymmetry," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(2), pages 295-304, February.
    18. Antoine Fosset & Jean-Philippe Bouchaud & Michael Benzaquen, 2021. "Non-parametric Estimation of Quadratic Hawkes Processes for Order Book Events," Post-Print hal-02998555, HAL.
    19. Jean-Philippe Bouchaud, 2021. "Radical Complexity," Papers 2103.09692, arXiv.org.
    20. Antoine Fosset & Jean-Philippe Bouchaud & Michael Benzaquen, 2020. "Endogenous Liquidity Crises," Working Papers hal-02567495, HAL.
    21. Antoine Fosset & Jean-Philippe Bouchaud & Michael Benzaquen, 2019. "Endogenous Liquidity Crises," Papers 1912.00359, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2020.
    22. Antoine Fosset & Jean-Philippe Bouchaud & Michael Benzaquen, 2020. "Non-parametric Estimation of Quadratic Hawkes Processes for Order Book Events," Papers 2005.05730, arXiv.org.
    23. Jim Gatheral & Paul Jusselin & Mathieu Rosenbaum, 2020. "The quadratic rough Heston model and the joint S&P 500/VIX smile calibration problem," Papers 2001.01789, arXiv.org.
    24. Fabio Baschetti & Giacomo Bormetti & Pietro Rossi, 2023. "Deep calibration with random grids," Papers 2306.11061, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2024.
    25. Aditi Dandapani & Paul Jusselin & Mathieu Rosenbaum, 2019. "From quadratic Hawkes processes to super-Heston rough volatility models with Zumbach effect," Papers 1907.06151, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2021.

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