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Effect of Forced Relocation on Household Income and Consumption Patterns: Evidence from the Aynak Copper Mine Project in Afghanistan

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  • Ghulam Dastgir
  • Keisuke Kawata
  • Yuichiro Yoshida

Abstract

In 2011, the government of Afghanistan and a Chinese mining company relocated an entire village near the Aynak copper mine, where they developed a mining site. This paper investigates the impact of this displacement on affected households’ income and consumption patterns using a difference-in-differences approach and primary household-level data from the villages around the mine in two periods: one just before relocation in 2011 and another in 2015. In 2011, all households of the Wali Kali village, one of the seven project-affected villages, were involuntarily relocated. Project-affected families (PAFs) claim that their traditional earning sources have been inadequately replaced by mine-related earnings and that, being separated geographically, they now face difficulty maintaining social networks that are necessary for their survival. Once lost, rebuilding social networks is not easy in war-trampled Afghanistan. This paper clarifies these shadowy effects of forced relocation and demonstrates that traditional daily labour income was reduced significantly and only partially replaced by income from mine-related activities among those who were relocated and that relocation significantly discouraged the participation in community life, reflecting the losses of social capital among the PAFs due to separation.

Suggested Citation

  • Ghulam Dastgir & Keisuke Kawata & Yuichiro Yoshida, 2018. "Effect of Forced Relocation on Household Income and Consumption Patterns: Evidence from the Aynak Copper Mine Project in Afghanistan," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 54(11), pages 2061-2077, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevst:v:54:y:2018:i:11:p:2061-2077
    DOI: 10.1080/00220388.2017.1385767
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Mohammad Wais Azimy & Ghulam Dastgir Khan & Yuichiro Yoshida & Keisuke Kawata, 2020. "Measuring the Impacts of Saffron Production Promotion Measures on Farmers’ Policy Acceptance Probability: A Randomized Conjoint Field Experiment in Herat Province, Afghanistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-15, May.
    2. Khan, Ghulam Dastgir & Yoshida, Yuichiro & Katayanagi, Mari & Hotak, Nematullah & Caro-Burnett, Johann, 2021. "Mining-induced displacement and resettlement in Afghanistan's Aynak mining community: Exploring the right to fair compensation," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    3. Ghulam Dastgir KHAN & Pinar TEMOCIN, 2022. "Human Right-based Understanding of Mining-Induced Displacement and Resettlement: A Review of the Literature and Synthesis," RAIS Journal for Social Sciences, Research Association for Interdisciplinary Studies, vol. 6(2), pages 20-29, November.
    4. Yanzhe Zhang & Xiao Yu & Jian Zhang & Bowen Zou, 2020. "Evaluation of the Obstacles to Developing the Aynak Copper Mine in Afghanistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-13, February.
    5. Hotak, Nematullah & Kaneko, Shinji, 2022. "Fiscal illusion of the stated preferences of government officials regarding interministerial policy packages: A case study on child labor in Afghanistan," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 285-298.
    6. Archana Sinha & Bibhas Chandra & Arvind Kumar Mishra & Shubham Goswami, 2023. "An Assessment on Quality of Life and Happiness Indices of Project Affected People in Indian Coalfields," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-24, June.

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