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Access or adaptation? A meta-analysis of surveys of problem gambling prevalence in Australia and New Zealand with respect to concentration of electronic gaming machines

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  • John Storer
  • Max Abbott
  • Judith Stubbs

Abstract

It is widely believed that greater availability of electronic gaming machines (EGMs) has led to increases in problem gambling prevalence and related harms. It has also been proposed that individuals and populations adapt to exposure over time and that prevalence rates plateau or decline, even in the face of increasing availability. This study examines both hypotheses using a combined data set of 34 problem gambling surveys conducted in Australia and New Zealand since 1991. Strong statistically meaningful relationships were found for an increase in prevalence with increasing per capita density of EGMs, consistent with the access hypothesis and supported by no evidence of plateauing of prevalence with increasing density of EGMs. A decrease in prevalence over time with availability held constant is also evident, partially consistent with adaptation. It is likely that both forces are at work simultaneously, with implications for appropriate policy responses to gambling harm minimisation.

Suggested Citation

  • John Storer & Max Abbott & Judith Stubbs, 2009. "Access or adaptation? A meta-analysis of surveys of problem gambling prevalence in Australia and New Zealand with respect to concentration of electronic gaming machines," International Gambling Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(3), pages 225-244, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:9:y:2009:i:3:p:225-244
    DOI: 10.1080/14459790903257981
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    Cited by:

    1. Nicola Matteucci, 2022. "Gioco d?azzardo, traversa digitale e adolescenti in Italia," PRISMA Economia - Societ? - Lavoro, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2022(1-2), pages 101-108.
    2. Deans, Emily G. & Thomas, Samantha L. & Daube, Mike & Derevensky, Jeffrey, 2016. "“I can sit on the beach and punt through my mobile phone”: The influence of physical and online environments on the gambling risk behaviours of young men," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 110-119.
    3. Samia Badji & Nicole Black & David W. Johnston, 2021. "Consequences of Greater Gambling Accessibility," Papers 2021-06, Centre for Health Economics, Monash University.
    4. Badji, Samia & Black, Nicole & Johnston, David W., 2023. "Economic, Health and Behavioural Consequences of Greater Gambling Availability," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    5. Hyungsuk Byun & Barry Scholnick, 2017. "Spatial Commitment Devices and Addictive Goods: Evidence from the Removal of Slot Machines from Bars," Working Papers 17-34, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.
    6. Giebeler, Constanze & Rebeggiani, Luca, 2019. "Who Loves to Gamble? Socio-Economic Factors Determining Gambling Behaviour in Germany," MPRA Paper 94735, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Bernadeta Lelonek-Kuleta & Rafał P. Bartczuk & Michał Wiechetek & Joanna Chwaszcz & Iwona Niewiadomska, 2020. "The Prevalence of E-Gambling and of Problem E-Gambling in Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-15, January.

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