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Long-Term, Multicountry Perspective on Rental Market Regulations

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  • Konstantin Kholodilin

Abstract

This study introduces a new international longitudinal database of governmental rental market regulations. The regulations are measured using binary variables based on a thorough analysis of real-time, country-specific legislation. Three major restrictive policies are considered: rent control, protection from restriction, and housing rationing. The database covers 101 countries and states between 1910 and 2020. This allows comparisons of regulation intensity across both time and space. The analysis reveals a surge in restrictive policies in the first half of the 20th century. However, following World War II, the evolution of policies diverged: whereas rent control became more flexible or was phased out, tenure security stabilized at a high level or even increased, and housing rationing became used less frequently.

Suggested Citation

  • Konstantin Kholodilin, 2020. "Long-Term, Multicountry Perspective on Rental Market Regulations," Housing Policy Debate, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 30(6), pages 994-1015, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:houspd:v:30:y:2020:i:6:p:994-1015
    DOI: 10.1080/10511482.2020.1789889
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    Cited by:

    1. Kholodilin, Konstantin A., 2024. "Rent control effects through the lens of empirical research: An almost complete review of the literature," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    2. Anja M. Hahn & Konstantin A. Kholodilin & Sofie R. Waltl & Marco Fongoni, 2024. "Forward to the Past: Short-Term Effects of the Rent Freeze in Berlin," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 70(3), pages 1901-1923, March.
    3. Morin, Yoann & Regnaud, Martin & Breuillé, Marie-Laure & Le Gallo, Julie, 2025. "PARIS2019: The impact of rent control on the Parisian rental market," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    4. Yun, Sungjin & Choi, Hoon, 2025. "Circumventing rent controls with tenants’ maintenance fees: Evidence from Korea," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    5. Sónia Alves & Alda Botelho Azevedo & Luís Mendes & Katielle Silva, 2023. "Urban Regeneration, Rent Regulation and the Private Rental Sector in Portugal: A Case Study on Inner-City Lisbon’s Social Sustainability," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-20, August.
    6. Stefano Colonnello & Roberto Marfè & Qizhou Xiong, 2021. "Housing Yields," Working Papers 2021:21, Department of Economics, University of Venice "Ca' Foscari", revised 2021.
    7. Michal Rubaszek & David Stenvall & Gazi Salah Uddin, 2025. "Rental market structure and housing dynamics: An interacted panel VAR investigation," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(1), pages 781-802, January.
    8. Konstantin A. Kholodilin & Sebastian Kohl, 2021. "Rent Price Control – Yet Another Great Equalizer of Economic Inequalities?: Evidence from a Century of Historical Data," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 1927, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    9. Konstantin A. Kholodilin & Sebastian Kohl & Florian Müller, 2023. "Government-Made House Price Bubbles? Austerity, Homeownership, Rental, and Credit Liberalization Policies and the “Irrational Exuberance” on Housing Markets," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 2061, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    10. M. Denisa Naidin & Sofie R. Waltl & Michael H. Ziegelmeyer, 2025. "Objective Housing Sales and Rent Prices in Representative Household Surveys: Implications for Wealth, Inequality, Housing Market, and Affordability Statistics," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 71(1), February.
    11. Eugeniya Malinskaya & Konstantin A. Kholodilin, 2022. "Stimulating Housing Policy and Housing Tenure Choice: Evidence from the G7 Countries," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 1997, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    12. Francisco Amaral & Martin Dohmen & Sebastian Kohl & Moritz Schularick, 2021. "Superstar Returns," Working Papers hal-03881493, HAL.
    13. Konstantin A. Kholodilin, 2024. "Rent Control from Ancient Rome to Paris Commune: The Factors Behind Its Introduction," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 2094, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    14. Kholodilin, Konstantin A. & Kohl, Sebastian & Müller, Florian, 2022. "The rise and fall of social housing? Housing decommodification in long-run perspective," MPIfG Discussion Paper 22/3, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies.
    15. Kristyna Ters & Konstantin A. Kholodilin, 2025. "Restrictive Rental Policies and a Tough Trade Off: Lower Rents vs. Less Construction in Geneva," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 2143, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    16. Luís Mendes, 2022. "The Dysfunctional Rental Market in Portugal: A Policy Review," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-17, April.
    17. Konstantin A. Kholodilin & Fernando A. López & David Rey Blanco & Pelayo González Arbués, 2022. "Lessons from an Aborted Second-Generation Rent Control in Catalonia," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 2008, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.

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