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The economic value of the R&D intangible asset

Author

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  • Marta Ballester
  • Manuel Garcia-Ayuso
  • Joshua Livnat

Abstract

This study utilizes firm-specific time-series data to estimate the economic value of the research and development (R&D) expenditures that investors consider an asset to the firm. The study uses a modification of the Ohlson (1995) model to estimate the persistence of abnormal earnings, the proportion of current R&D expenditures that represents a source of future benefits to the firm and the amortization rate of that asset. The parameters are estimated from time-series data of market and book values of equity, earnings and R&D expenditures. The study further compares the firm-specific estimates with those resulting from an application of a cross-sectional estimation procedure based on all available companies in the sample and industry-specific sub-samples. Results indicate the existence of significant differences in some two-digit SIC code industries between the time-series and the cross-sectional estimates of the parameters and the economic value of the R&D asset. Differences in the capitalization parameter are associated with the growth in R&D, the profitability of the firm, R&D intensity and the concentration of the industry. Differences in the persistence of earnings are related to the concentration ratio. Finally, differences in the estimated economic value of the R&D asset are associated with the profitability of the company as measured by its return on assets. We further compare the associations between the three different estimates of the R&D asset and subsequent stock returns, as well as the contemporaneous difference between the market and book value of companies. Results indicate that the time-series estimates of the R&D asset show stronger associations with both variables, followed by the intra-industry and the cross-industry cross-sectional estimates. Overall, our results provide evidence that market participants behave as if R&D expenditures have significant future economic benefits to the firm, and show that the cross-sectional and time-series approaches followed when assessing its economic value provide significantly different estimates.

Suggested Citation

  • Marta Ballester & Manuel Garcia-Ayuso & Joshua Livnat, 2003. "The economic value of the R&D intangible asset," European Accounting Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(4), pages 605-633.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:euract:v:12:y:2003:i:4:p:605-633
    DOI: 10.1080/09638180310001628437
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Filipe Sardo & Z¨¦lia Serrasqueiro, 2017. "Intellectual Capital and Firms¡¯ Financial Performance: A European Empirical Study????," Business and Economic Research, Macrothink Institute, vol. 7(2), pages 1-18, December.
    2. Sydler, Renato & Haefliger, Stefan & Pruksa, Robert, 2014. "Measuring intellectual capital with financial figures: Can we predict firm profitability?," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 32(2), pages 244-259.
    3. Gaétan de Rassenfosse & Adam B. Jaffe, 2017. "Econometric Evidence on the R&D Depreciation Rate," NBER Working Papers 23072, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Bernstein, Jeffrey I. & Mamuneas, Theofanis P., 2006. "R&D depreciation, stocks, user costs and productivity growth for US R&D intensive industries," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 17(1), pages 70-98, January.
    5. Efstathios G. Parcharidis & Nikos C. Varsakelis, 2010. "R&D and Tobin's q in an emerging financial market: the case of the Athens Stock Exchange," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(5), pages 353-361.
    6. Felix J. Lopez-Iturriaga & Emilio Lopez-Millan, 2015. "Institutional Framework, Corporate Ownership Structure, and R&D Investment: An International Analysis," HSE Working papers WP BRP 36/MAN/2015, National Research University Higher School of Economics.
    7. Chinloy, Peter & Jiang, Cheng & John, Kose, 2020. "Investment, depreciation and obsolescence of R&D," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    8. Minjung Kang & Sangil Kim & Moon-Kyung Cho, 2019. "The Effect of R&D and the Control–Ownership Wedge on Firm Value: Evidence from Korean Chaebol Firms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-20, May.
    9. Denise A. Jones, 2018. "Using real options theory to explain patterns in the valuation of research and development expenditures," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 51(3), pages 575-593, October.
    10. Nani, Albi, 2023. "Valuing big data: An analysis of current regulations and proposal of frameworks," International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    11. Hengjie Ai & Dana Kiku & Rui Li & Jincheng Tong, 2021. "A Unified Model of Firm Dynamics with Limited Commitment and Assortative Matching," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 76(1), pages 317-356, February.
    12. Karpa Waldemar & Nowakowski Jakub, 2018. "Estimating R&D Returns In Health Care Industry," Journal of Management and Business Administration. Central Europe, Sciendo, vol. 26(2), pages 34-46, June.
    13. F. Tsoligkas & I. Tsalavoutas, 2011. "Value relevance of R&D in the UK after IFRS mandatory implementation," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(13), pages 957-967.
    14. Elbannan, Mohamed A., 2013. "Do analysts follow emerging economy firms with higher intangible assets? Empirical evidence from Egypt," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 29(1), pages 50-59.
    15. Alston, Julian M. & Pardey, Philip G. & Ruttan, Vernon W., 2008. "Research Lags Revisited: Concepts and Evidence from U.S. Agriculture," Staff Papers 50091, University of Minnesota, Department of Applied Economics.
    16. Salma Loulou & Mohamed Triki, 2008. "Déterminants et pertinence de l'activation des dépenses de recherche & développement dans le contexte des entreprises françaises," Post-Print halshs-00525992, HAL.
    17. Nam, Hyun-Jung & An, Yohan, 2017. "Patent, R&D and internationalization for Korean healthcare industry," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 131-137.
    18. Jie Liu & Arnulf Grubler & Tieju Ma & Dieter F. Kogler, 2021. "Identifying the technological knowledge depreciation rate using patent citation data: a case study of the solar photovoltaic industry," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 126(1), pages 93-115, January.
    19. de Rassenfosse, Gaétan & Jaffe, Adam B., 2018. "Econometric evidence on the depreciation of innovations," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 625-642.

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