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Human capital and income inequality in India: is there a non-linear and asymmetric relationship?

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  • Madhu Sehrawat
  • Sanjay Kumar Singh

Abstract

The article attempts to provide empirical evidence on the relationship between human capital and income inequality in India in a non-linear and asymmetric framework. To capture both long-run and short-run asymmetries, we have employed the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag approach using the relevant data from 1970 to 2016. Findings of the article suggest that education expansion acts as a major factor in reducing prevailing high income inequality, that is an increase in average years of schooling results in more equal distribution of income. In contrast, high economic growth, inflation and trade openness create unequal distribution of income. The asymmetric causality test results indicate that there is unidirectional causality running from female human capital, economic growth and inflation to income inequality. From a policy perspective, we suggest that education expansion should be used as a powerful tool to mitigate income inequality by emphasizing the quality of education. At the same time, policies geared towards social benefits, inclusive education, training for unskilled workers and price stability should be encouraged to attain fair income distribution in India.

Suggested Citation

  • Madhu Sehrawat & Sanjay Kumar Singh, 2019. "Human capital and income inequality in India: is there a non-linear and asymmetric relationship?," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 51(39), pages 4325-4336, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:applec:v:51:y:2019:i:39:p:4325-4336
    DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2019.1591605
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    Cited by:

    1. Eugene Kouassi & Jean Paul Tchankam & Oluyele Akinkugbe & J. M. Brou Bosson, 2022. "Is the intergenerational transmission of poverty a fallacy? Evidence from Botswana survey data," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(8), pages 1476-1495, November.
    2. Sawadogo, Relwendé & Semedo, Gervasio, 2021. "Financial inclusion, income inequality, and institutions in sub-Saharan Africa: Identifying cross-country inequality regimes," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 15-28.
    3. Alvarado, Rafael & Tillaguango, Brayan & López-Sánchez, Michelle & Ponce, Pablo & Işık, Cem, 2021. "Heterogeneous impact of natural resources on income inequality: The role of the shadow economy and human capital index," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 690-704.
    4. Yang Chen & Chien-Chiang Lee & Ming Chen, 2022. "Ecological footprint, human capital, and urbanization," Energy & Environment, , vol. 33(3), pages 487-510, May.
    5. Jun Zhao & Xiucheng Dong & Kangyin Dong, 2021. "Can agglomeration of producer services reduce urban–rural income inequality? The case of China," Australian Economic Papers, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 60(4), pages 736-762, December.
    6. Parika, Ayushi & Singh, Bhanu Pratap, 2020. "How Does Human Capital Affect Economic Growth in India? An Empirical Analysis," MPRA Paper 102428, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Durongkaveroj, Wannaphong, 2022. "Structural Transformation, Income Inequality and Government Expenditure: Evidence from International Panel Data," Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, vol. 56(3), pages 29-44.
    8. Mª del Carmen Olmos-Gómez & Ligia Isabel Estrada-Vidal & Francisca Ruiz-Garzón & Rafael López-Cordero & Laila Mohamed-Mohand, 2019. "Making Future Teachers More Aware of Issues Related to Sustainability: An Assessment of Best Practices," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-21, December.

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