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Do global CO emissions from fossil-fuel consumption exhibit long memory? a fractional-integration analysis

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  • José M. Belbute
  • Alfredo M. Pereira

Abstract

In this article we use an autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average approach to measure the degree of fractional integration of aggregate world CO2 emissions and its five components – coal, oil, gas, cement, and gas flaring. We find that all variables are stationary and mean reverting, but exhibit long-term memory. Our results suggest that both coal and oil combustion emissions have the weakest degree of long-range dependence, while emissions from gas and gas flaring have the strongest. With evidence of long memory, we conclude that transitory policy shocks are likely to have long-lasting effects, but not permanent effects. Accordingly, permanent effects on CO2 emissions require a more permanent policy stance. In this context, if one were to rely only on testing for stationarity and non-stationarity, one would likely conclude in favour of non-stationarity, and therefore that even transitory policy shocks have permanent effects. Our fractional-integration analysis highlights that this is not the case.

Suggested Citation

  • José M. Belbute & Alfredo M. Pereira, 2017. "Do global CO emissions from fossil-fuel consumption exhibit long memory? a fractional-integration analysis," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(40), pages 4055-4070, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:applec:v:49:y:2017:i:40:p:4055-4070
    DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2016.1273508
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    Cited by:

    1. Belbute, José M. & Pereira, Alfredo M., 2022. "ARFIMA Reference Forecasts for Worldwide CO2 Emissions and the National Dimension of the Policy Efforts to Meet IPCC Targets," Journal of Economic Development, The Economic Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, vol. 47(1), pages 1-27, March.
    2. Matthias Jonas & Piotr Żebrowski, 2019. "The crux with reducing emissions in the long-term: The underestimated “now” versus the overestimated “then”," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 24(6), pages 1169-1190, August.
    3. Bikramaditya Ghosh & Spyros Papathanasiou & Nikita Ramchandani & Dimitrios Kenourgios, 2021. "Diagnosis and Prediction of IIGPS’ Countries Bubble Crashes during BREXIT," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-14, April.
    4. Belbute, José M. & Pereira, Alfredo M., 2020. "Reference forecasts for CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel combustion and cement production in Portugal," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    5. Firouz Fallahi, 2020. "Persistence and unit root in $$\text {CO}_{2}$$CO2 emissions: evidence from disaggregated global and regional data," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 58(5), pages 2155-2179, May.
    6. Balsalobre-Lorente, Daniel & Driha, Oana M. & Bekun, Festus & Sinha, Avik & Fatai Adedoyin, Festus, 2020. "Consequences of COVID-19 on the social isolation of the Chinese economy: accounting for the role of reduction in carbon emissions," MPRA Paper 102894, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2020.
    7. José M. Belbute & Alfredo M. Pereira, 2021. "The Relationship between Consumption and CO 2 Emissions: Evidence for Portugal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-16, November.

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