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The Determinants of Bank Profitability: Dynamic Panel Evidence from South Asian Countries

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  • Md. Shahidul Islam
  • Shin-Ichi Nishiyama

Abstract

Using the GMM estimator, this paper empirically studies the bank-specific, industry specific and macroeconomics specific determinants of bank profitability of 259 commercial banks in the South Asian countries (Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan) for the period of 1997-2012. Empirical results show a low level of profit persistency and a late-hit of the global financial crisis in the banking sector in the region. We found no evidence for the traditional SCP hypothesis in relation to banking profit but financial solvency and managerial excellence have positive affiliation. Cost of fund, liquidity, funding gap, term structure of interest rate and economic growth rate found negative influence while rate of inflation positively affect bank profit. Also to report that South Asian banks are operating with ‘inefficient’ manpower.

Suggested Citation

  • Md. Shahidul Islam & Shin-Ichi Nishiyama, 2016. "The Determinants of Bank Profitability: Dynamic Panel Evidence from South Asian Countries," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 6(3), pages 1-6.
    • Handle: RePEc:spt:apfiba:v:6:y:2016:i:3:f:6_3_6
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    1. Shasnil Avinesh Chand & Baljeet Singh & Krishneel Narayan & Anish Chand, 2025. "The Impact of Financial Technology (FinTech) on Bank Risk-Taking and Profitability in Small Developing Island States: A Study of Fiji," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-25, July.
    2. Karaś, Marta Anita & Boda, Michał, . "Stabilność i wyniki finansowe banków w krajach Europy graniczących z konfliktem militarnym w Ukrainie," Gospodarka Narodowa-The Polish Journal of Economics, Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie / SGH Warsaw School of Economics, vol. 2024(2).
    3. Md. Shahidul Islam & Shin-Ichi Nishiyama, 2017. "Is this adverse selection or something else to determine the non-performing loans? Dynamic panel evidence from South Asian countries," Discussion Papers 1723, Graduate School of Economics, Kobe University.
    4. José Carlos Teixeira & Carlos Vieira & Paulo Ferreira, 2021. "The Effects of Government Bonds on Liquidity Risk and Bank Profitability in Cape Verde," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-23, January.
    5. Md. Shahidul ISLAM & Shin-Ichi NISHIYAMA, 2016. "The Determinants of Non-performing Loans: Dynamic Panel Evidence from South Asian Countries," DSSR Discussion Papers 64, Graduate School of Economics and Management, Tohoku University.
    6. Kaan Kutlay & Okan Veli Safakli, 2018. "The Relationship between Bank Profitability and Micro Variables with Particular Emphasis on Bank Type: The Case of Northern Cyprus," International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, vol. 8(1), pages 26-40, January.
    7. Rana-Al-Mosharrafa & Md. Shahidul Islam, 2021. "What Drives Bank Profitability? A Panel Data Analysis of Commercial Banks in Bangladesh," International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies, Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 10(2), pages 96-110, April.
    8. Prosper Lamothe & Enrique Delgado & Miguel A. Solano & Sergio M. Fernández, 2024. "A global analysis of bank profitability factors," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-12, December.
    9. Michael Adusei, 2022. "The liquidity risk–financial performance nexus: Evidence from hybrid financial institutions," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(1), pages 31-47, January.
    10. Tekalign Negash Kebede, 2025. "Unveiling the drivers of bank profitability: insights from Ethiopian banks," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 12(1), pages 1-16, December.
    11. Shasnil Avinesh Chand & Ronald Ravinesh Kumar & Peter Josef Stauvermann & Muhammad Shahbaz, 2024. "Determinants of Bank Profitability—Do Institutions, Globalization, and Global Uncertainty Matter for Banks in Island Economies? The Case of Fiji," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-26, May.
    12. Omar Ghazy Aziz & Julie Knutsen, 2019. "The Banks Profitability and Economic Freedom Quality: Empirical Evidence from Arab Economies," Journal of Banking and Financial Economics, University of Warsaw, Faculty of Management, vol. 1(11), pages 96-110, January.
    13. Hongxing Yao & Muhammad Haris & Gulzara Tariq, 2018. "Profitability Determinants of Financial Institutions: Evidence from Banks in Pakistan," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 6(2), pages 1-28, May.
    14. Santosh Kumar Das & Khushboo Uppal, 2021. "NPAs and profitability in Indian banks: an empirical analysis," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 7(1), pages 1-9, December.
    15. Muhammad Farhan Basheer & Waeibrorheem Waemustafa & Mohamad Helmi Bin Hidthiir & Saira Ghulam Hassan, 2021. "Explaining the endogeneity between the credit risk, liquidity risk, and off-balance sheet activities in commercial banks: a case of South Asian economies," International Journal of Monetary Economics and Finance, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 14(2), pages 166-187.
    16. Mohammad Ziaul Islam & Shormin Aktar & Mohammad Awal Hossen & Mohammad Mohammad Saiful Islam, 2018. "Non-Performing Loan And Asset Utilization Of Banks: Evidence From Bangladesh," Romanian Economic Business Review, Romanian-American University, vol. 13(4), pages 31-39, december.
    17. Md. Shahidul Islam & Shin-Ichi Nishiyama, 2020. "The Determinants of Net Interest Margins of Commercial Banks: Panel Evidence from China, India and Japan," Discussion Papers 2014, Graduate School of Economics, Kobe University.
    18. Suzan Dsouza & Mustafa Raza Rabbani & Iqbal Thonse Hawaldar & Ajay Kumar Jain, 2022. "Impact of Bank Efficiency on the Profitability of the Banks in India: An Empirical Analysis Using Panel Data Approach," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-18, October.
    19. Marta Anita Karaś & Michał Boda, 2024. "Stabilność i wyniki finansowe banków w krajach Europy graniczących z konfliktem militarnym w Ukrainie," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 2, pages 64-111.
    20. mohammed, habib, 2023. "Modeling Determinants of Private Banks Profitability in Ethiopia," MPRA Paper 116699, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    21. mohammed, habib, 2023. "Modeling Determinants of Private Banks Profitability in Ethiopia," MPRA Paper 116817, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 25 Mar 2023.
    22. Asif Pervez & Irfan Ali, 2024. "Robust Regression Analysis in Analyzing Financial Performance of Public Sector Banks: A Case Study of India," Annals of Data Science, Springer, vol. 11(2), pages 677-691, April.
    23. Koju Laxmi & Abbas Ghulam & Wang Shouyang, 2018. "Do Macroeconomic Determinants of Non-Performing Loans Vary with the Income Levels of Countries?," Journal of Systems Science and Information, De Gruyter, vol. 6(6), pages 512-531, December.
    24. Serhat Yüksel & Shahriyar Mukhtarov & Elvin Mammadov & Mustafa Özsarı, 2018. "Determinants of Profitability in the Banking Sector: An Analysis of Post-Soviet Countries," Economies, MDPI, vol. 6(3), pages 1-15, July.

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