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Development of Spiritual Poverty Measurements of an Urban Population Based on the Concept of Purifying the Self (Tazkiyah Al-Nafs)

Author

Listed:
  • Muhamad Zulfadli Abdul Rahman

    (Academy of Islamic Studies, Universiti Malaya)

  • Mohd Syukri Zainal Abidin

    (Academy of Islamic Studies, Universiti Malaya)

  • Faezy Adenan

    (Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM))

  • Kamaruzaman Jusoff

    (Universiti Malaya)

  • Mohamed Safiullah Munsoor

    (Metanoia Institute)

Abstract

This paper aims to develop a measurement of spiritual poverty for an urban residents based on the spiritual concept and practice of purifying of the self (Tazkiyah Al-Nafs). This follows the process of cleansing of the self, where the nature of bad practices are replaced with those of good practices. A quantitative approach was utilised by distributing questionnaires to 528 urban Muslim households in Kuala Lumpur, Selangor and Putrajaya, Malaysia, which was then analysed using descriptive analysis. This was, then, followed by the usability assessments by 14 experts from academia and industry, where the data was analysed using the ‘fuzzy delphi method'. Findings indicated that 27.84% of respondents experienced spiritual poverty relating to the emotional indicator, 17.42% experienced from a perceptual indicator, while 91.86% of respondents experienced poverty from a practices indicator perspective. The study points out that the elements of emotion, perception and practice as indicators holds significance in measuring spiritual poverty with a percentage expert consensus of 78.6% on emotion and perception indicators and 85.7% on practices indicator. The results gives credence to the expansion of the concept of multidimensional poverty, to include measuring psycho-spiritual deprivations as one component of poverty in addition to measuring both monetary and non-monetary factors as currently being advocated. This study calls for further exploration of this important area relating to self development, which has been overlooked in poverty measurements.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhamad Zulfadli Abdul Rahman & Mohd Syukri Zainal Abidin & Faezy Adenan & Kamaruzaman Jusoff & Mohamed Safiullah Munsoor, 2023. "Development of Spiritual Poverty Measurements of an Urban Population Based on the Concept of Purifying the Self (Tazkiyah Al-Nafs)," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 169(3), pages 943-972, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:soinre:v:169:y:2023:i:3:d:10.1007_s11205-023-03188-5
    DOI: 10.1007/s11205-023-03188-5
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Eleni Lahana & Evelina Pappa & Dimitris Niakas, 2010. "The impact of ethnicity, place of residence and socioeconomic status on health-related quality of life: results from a Greek health survey," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 55(5), pages 391-400, October.
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    3. Harald Strotmann & Jürgen Volkert, 2018. "Multidimensional Poverty Index and Happiness," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 19(1), pages 167-189, January.
    4. Muhammad Syukri Salleh, 2017. "Contemporary Vision of Poverty and Islamic Strategy for Poverty Alleviation," SAGE Open, , vol. 7(2), pages 21582440176, May.
    5. Masashige Saito & Katsunori Kondo & Naoki Kondo & Aya Abe & Toshiyuki Ojima & Kayo Suzuki & the JAGES group, 2014. "Relative Deprivation, Poverty, and Subjective Health: JAGES Cross-Sectional Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(10), pages 1-9, October.
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