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A rating system to evaluate non-GAAP exclusion quality

Author

Listed:
  • Patricia M. Dechow

    (University of Southern California)

  • Wei Ting Loh

    (Singapore Management University)

  • Annika Yu Wang

    (University of Houston)

Abstract

We develop a rating system to evaluate the quality of individual non-GAAP exclusions. Our perspective is that high-quality exclusions reflect nonrecurring economic transactions, are transitory accounting adjustments, or have little usefulness in forecasting cash flows. We use four approaches to rate exclusions. We evaluate the serial correlation of the exclusion, survey accounting academics’ views, obtain practitioner ratings from the CFA Institute, and identify the exclusions approved by the Chinese securities regulator. A firm’s exclusion quality score is the weighted average rating of its individual exclusions. For our sample of S&P 500 firms, we document that exclusion quality varies by industry, captures trends in non-GAAP reporting, and is reasonably stable at the firm level. To validate the rating, we show that firms with lower exclusion quality scores receive more SEC comment letters, incur more Regulation G violations, exhibit greater analyst forecast dispersion, and have slower price discovery following earnings announcements.

Suggested Citation

  • Patricia M. Dechow & Wei Ting Loh & Annika Yu Wang, 2025. "A rating system to evaluate non-GAAP exclusion quality," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 30(2), pages 1037-1098, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:reaccs:v:30:y:2025:i:2:d:10.1007_s11142-024-09855-3
    DOI: 10.1007/s11142-024-09855-3
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Non-GAAP Reporting; Non-GAAP Exclusion Quality; Recurring Expenses; Regulation G; SEC Comment Letters; Analyst Forecast Dispersion;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • M41 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Accounting - - - Accounting

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