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Winter drought monitoring using standard precipitation index over Nepal

Author

Listed:
  • Damodar Bagale

    (Tribhuvan University)

  • Madan Sigdel

    (Tribhuvan University)

  • Deepak Aryal

    (Tribhuvan University)

Abstract

The frequency of winter drought episodes has been marked frequently in the recent decades. This study examines the time series indices of drought variability over Nepal using historical data of 42 years (1977–2018) from 107 stations using the standardized precipitation index (SPI). Monthly rainfall was used as an input variable to generate the output for SPI time scales of each station. SPI threshold was used to identify severity, frequency, duration, and spatial extent of the drought episodes. The SPI3 output showed occurrence of major eight drought episodes. Among these years, dryness signals identified 2006 as the worst drought episode year. However, from regional perspective, the western region observed extreme drought episodes in 2009. There were distinct drought dynamics in each major drought event over the western, central and eastern Nepal. Spatial variability for SPI3 time scale was interpolated to depict spatial patterns of major drought episodes with their severities. The areas of Nepal affected by extreme, severe and moderate drought in winter were 4, 21 and 37%.

Suggested Citation

  • Damodar Bagale & Madan Sigdel & Deepak Aryal, 2024. "Winter drought monitoring using standard precipitation index over Nepal," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 120(2), pages 975-988, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:120:y:2024:i:2:d:10.1007_s11069-023-06242-0
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-023-06242-0
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Donald Wilhite & Mark Svoboda & Michael Hayes, 2007. "Understanding the complex impacts of drought: A key to enhancing drought mitigation and preparedness," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 21(5), pages 763-774, May.
    2. Khatiwada, K. R. & Pandey, Vishnu Prasad, 2019. "Characterization of hydro-meteorological drought in Nepal Himalaya: a case of Karnali River Basin," Papers published in Journals (Open Access), International Water Management Institute, pages 1-26:100239.
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