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Characterization of hydro-meteorological drought in Nepal Himalaya: a case of Karnali River Basin

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  • Khatiwada, K. R.
  • Pandey, Vishnu Prasad

Abstract

Himalayan river basin is marked by a complex topography with limited observational data. In the context of increasing extreme events, this study aims to characterize drought events in the Karnali River Basin (KRB). Firstly, historical data for 34-years (1981–2014) from ten different stations were analyzed to compute following drought indices: Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI), Self-Calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index (sc-PDSI), Standardized Streamflow Index (SFI), and Palmer Hydrological Drought Severity Index (PHDI). Among them, SPI is able to capture the drought duration and intensity fairly well with the others. Secondly, SPI was used to analyse the drought of the entire basin. The SPI analysis showed occurrence of major drought events in the recent years: 1984–85, 1987–88, 1992–93, 1994–95, 2004–09, and 2012. The winter drought of 1999, 2006, 2008–09 were widespread and the monsoon drought is increasing its frequency. No particular pattern of drought was observed from the historical data; however, yield sensitivity index revealed that precipitation pattern and anomaly is influencing crop yield in the area. Being the first study revealing prevalence of the drought in KRB, it can provide a basis for prioritizing interventions focused on drought management in the region.

Suggested Citation

  • Khatiwada, K. R. & Pandey, Vishnu Prasad, 2019. "Characterization of hydro-meteorological drought in Nepal Himalaya: a case of Karnali River Basin," Papers published in Journals (Open Access), International Water Management Institute, pages 1-26:100239.
    • Handle: RePEc:iwt:jounls:h049419
    DOI: 10.1016/j.wace.2019.100239
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    Cited by:

    1. Jale Amanuel Dufera & Tewodros Addisu Yate & Tadesse Tujuba Kenea, 2023. "Spatiotemporal analysis of drought in Oromia regional state of Ethiopia over the period 1989 to 2019," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 117(2), pages 1569-1609, June.
    2. Ihsan F. Hasan & Rozi Abdullah, 2023. "Multivariate index for monitoring drought (case study, Northeastern of Iraq)," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 116(3), pages 3817-3837, April.
    3. Dipesh Chapagain & Sanita Dhaubanjar & Luna Bharati, 2021. "Unpacking future climate extremes and their sectoral implications in western Nepal," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 168(1), pages 1-23, September.
    4. Suraj Lamichhane & Komal Raj Aryal & Rocky Talchabhadel & Bhesh Raj Thapa & Rabindra Adhikari & Anoj Khanal & Vishnu Prasad Pandey & Dipendra Gautam, 2021. "Assessing the Prospects of Transboundary Multihazard Dynamics: The Case of Bhotekoshi–Sunkoshi Watershed in Sino–Nepal Border Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-29, March.

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