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Unzipping flood vulnerability and functionality loss: tale of struggle for existence of riparian buildings

Author

Listed:
  • Dipendra Gautam

    (Cosmos College of Management and Technology
    Interdisciplinary Research Institute for Sustainability, IRIS
    Thapathali Campus)

  • Rabindra Adhikari

    (Cosmos College of Management and Technology
    Interdisciplinary Research Institute for Sustainability, IRIS
    Pulchowk Campus)

  • Suraj Gautam

    (Institute of Himalayan Risk Reduction)

  • Vishnu Prasad Pandey

    (Interdisciplinary Research Institute for Sustainability, IRIS
    Pulchowk Campus)

  • Bhesh Raj Thapa

    (Interdisciplinary Research Institute for Sustainability, IRIS
    Universal Engineering and Science College)

  • Suraj Lamichhane

    (Interdisciplinary Research Institute for Sustainability, IRIS
    Pulchowk Campus)

  • Rocky Talchabhadel

    (Interdisciplinary Research Institute for Sustainability, IRIS
    Texas A&M University)

  • Saraswati Thapa

    (Pulchowk Campus
    University of Edinburgh)

  • Sunil Niraula

    (Himalaya College of Engineering)

  • Komal Raj Aryal

    (Rabdan Academy)

  • Pravin Lamsal

    (Geovation Nepal)

  • Subash Bastola

    (Pulchowk Campus)

  • Sanjay Kumar Sah

    (Pulchowk Campus)

  • Shanti Kala Subedi

    (Krishnam Smart Engineering Solutions)

  • Bijaya Puri

    (Interdisciplinary Research Institute for Sustainability, IRIS)

  • Bidur Kandel

    (Nepal Engineering College)

  • Pratap Sapkota

    (Nepal Telecom)

  • Rajesh Rupakhety

    (University of Iceland)

Abstract

Floods pose significant risk to riparian buildings as evidenced during many historical events. Although structural resilience to tsunami flooding is well studied in the literature, high-velocity and debris-laden floods in steep terrains are not considered adequately so far. Historical floods in steep terrains necessitate the need for flood vulnerability analysis of buildings. To this end, we report vulnerability of riparian-reinforced concrete buildings using forensic damage interpretations and empirical/analytical vulnerability analyses. Furthermore, we propose the concept and implications of functionality loss due to flooding in residential reinforced concrete (RC) buildings using empirical data. Fragility functions using inundation depth and momentum flux are presented for RC buildings considering a recent flooding event in Nepal. The results show that flow velocity and sediment load, rather than hydrostatic load, govern the damages in riparian RC buildings. However, at larger inundation depth, hydrostatic force alone may collapse some of the RC buildings.

Suggested Citation

  • Dipendra Gautam & Rabindra Adhikari & Suraj Gautam & Vishnu Prasad Pandey & Bhesh Raj Thapa & Suraj Lamichhane & Rocky Talchabhadel & Saraswati Thapa & Sunil Niraula & Komal Raj Aryal & Pravin Lamsal , 2023. "Unzipping flood vulnerability and functionality loss: tale of struggle for existence of riparian buildings," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 119(2), pages 989-1009, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:119:y:2023:i:2:d:10.1007_s11069-022-05433-5
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-022-05433-5
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