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A coupled wave, tide and storm surge operational forecasting system for South Africa: validation and physical description

Author

Listed:
  • Christo Rautenbach

    (South African Weather Service
    Nelson Mandela University
    University of Cape Town)

  • Tania Daniels

    (South African Weather Service
    University of Cape Town)

  • Marc Vos

    (South African Weather Service
    University of Cape Town)

  • Michael A. Barnes

    (South African Weather Service
    University of Pretoria)

Abstract

Regional storm tidal levels of the South African coastline are investigated by means of a calibrated and validated numerical model. The model was developed utilizing the shallow water hydrodynamic model, Delft3D. This model was coupled (online) with a non-stationary spectral wave model (developed in the Simulating WAves in the Nearshore (SWAN) numerical code). A local, 4.4 km version of the Unified Model was applied as atmospheric forcing for the coupled system. The models presented in this study form part of the operational marine forecasts of the South African Weather Service, Wave and Storm Surge model. The operational protocol and model calibration and validation are presented via statistical correlations with measured water levels at six South African coastal locations. The main calibration parameters and thus physical drivers were winds, atmospheric pressure and waves. The validated numerical model is used to provide an experimental physical description of South African storm surge characteristics, per coastline. The dominant driver of South African storm surge is winds associated with mid-latitude cyclones. Further novelty in the present study is the quantification of the relative contribution of extreme storm wave set-up to the South African storm surge signal. This wave set-up contributes approximately 20% of the total surge signal in the southwest, with winds contributing approximately 55%. The importance of the continental shelves is also elucidated concerning the frictional shoaling effects of the long surge wave propagation.

Suggested Citation

  • Christo Rautenbach & Tania Daniels & Marc Vos & Michael A. Barnes, 2020. "A coupled wave, tide and storm surge operational forecasting system for South Africa: validation and physical description," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 103(1), pages 1407-1439, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:103:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1007_s11069-020-04042-4
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-020-04042-4
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sanne Muis & Martin Verlaan & Hessel C. Winsemius & Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts & Philip J. Ward, 2016. "A global reanalysis of storm surges and extreme sea levels," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 7(1), pages 1-12, September.
    2. Mark D. Powell & Peter J. Vickery & Timothy A. Reinhold, 2003. "Reduced drag coefficient for high wind speeds in tropical cyclones," Nature, Nature, vol. 422(6929), pages 279-283, March.
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