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Marker-dependent observation and carry-forward of internal covariates in Cox regression

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  • Richard J. Cook

    (University of Waterloo)

  • Jerald F. Lawless

    (University of Waterloo)

  • Bingfeng Xie

    (University of Waterloo)

Abstract

Studies of chronic disease often involve modeling the relationship between marker processes and disease onset or progression. The Cox regression model is perhaps the most common and convenient approach to analysis in this setting. In most cohort studies, however, biospecimens and biomarker values are only measured intermittently (e.g. at clinic visits) so Cox models often treat biomarker values as fixed at their most recently observed values, until they are updated at the next visit. We consider the implications of this convention on the limiting values of regression coefficient estimators when the marker values themselves impact the intensity for clinic visits. A joint multistate model is described for the marker-failure-visit process which can be fitted to mitigate this bias and an expectation-maximization algorithm is developed. An application to data from a registry of patients with psoriatic arthritis is given for illustration.

Suggested Citation

  • Richard J. Cook & Jerald F. Lawless & Bingfeng Xie, 2022. "Marker-dependent observation and carry-forward of internal covariates in Cox regression," Lifetime Data Analysis: An International Journal Devoted to Statistical Methods and Applications for Time-to-Event Data, Springer, vol. 28(4), pages 560-584, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:lifeda:v:28:y:2022:i:4:d:10.1007_s10985-022-09561-9
    DOI: 10.1007/s10985-022-09561-9
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. J. Raboud & N. Reid & R. A. Coates & V. T. Farewell, 1993. "Estimating Risks of Progressing to Aids When Covariates are Measured with Error," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 156(3), pages 393-406, May.
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