IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/jhappi/v26y2025i7d10.1007_s10902-025-00930-3.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Psychometric Evaluation of the Strength-Based Parenting Questionnaire and Comparison of Perceived Strength-Based Parenting in Collectivistic and Individualistic Cultures

Author

Listed:
  • Lea Waters

    (The University of Melbourne)

  • Marco Weber

    (Medical School Hamburg)

  • Sholpan Alimova

    (Pavlodar Pedagogical University)

  • Andrea Amado

    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú)

  • Choy Qing Cham

    (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia)

  • Wei-Wen Chen

    (University of Macau)

  • Ana Paula Durán

    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú)

  • Rafael Gargurevich

    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú)

  • Lyudmila Gitikhmayeva

    (L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University)

  • Soi Kei Ho

    (University of Macau)

  • Norhayati Ibrahim

    (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
    Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia)

  • Clarisse Roswini Kalaman

    (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia)

  • Ayat Abu Kheit

    (Tel Aviv University)

  • Linda Huld Loftsdóttir

    (University of Iceland)

  • Daniel Loton

    (The University of Melbourne)

  • Pamela Nuñez Prado

    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú)

  • Yalçın Özdemir

    (Aydın Adnan Menderes University)

  • Tammie Ronen Rosenbaum

    (Tel Aviv University)

  • Marina Ryabova

    (Lomonosov Moscow State University, Branch in Tashkent)

  • Ali Serdar Sağkal

    (Aydın Adnan Menderes University)

  • Adil Samekin

    (M. Narikbayev KAZGUU University)

  • Yan-Li Siaw

    (Universiti Malaya)

  • Ching Sin Siau

    (Universiti Kebangsaan)

  • Liliya Sultanova

    (Lomonosov Moscow State University, Branch in Tashkent)

  • Agnes Maria Sumargi

    (Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University)

  • Sara Tosti

    (University of Iceland)

  • Amira Najiha Yahya

    (Universiti Malaya)

  • Claudia Zavala

    (Columbia University)

Abstract

This study examined strength-based parenting scores rated by a large youth sample (N = 2,449; M = 15.03 years ± 2.94; 55.7% female; 44.3% male) collected from 9 countries classified as collectivistic (Indonesia, Israel [Arab citizens], Kazakhstan, Macau, Peru, Turkey, and Uzbekistan) or individualistic (Australia and Germany). Psychometric evaluation of the Strength-Based Parenting Questionnaire (SBPQ) showed factorial validity, strong internal consistency, and strong test re-test reliability. Strict measurement invariance was found between the two cultural groupings and across the seven language versions of the SBPQ, providing confidence that the SBPQ is a tool that can be used in cross-cultural research. Youth from individualistic countries perceived parents to have higher knowledge of their strengths; however, Cohen’s d of 0.13 indicated that the difference was very low. There was no significant difference on ratings of parents encouraging them to use their strengths. Overall, the findings suggest that youth perceptions about strength-based parenting may be more common, than different, across the two cultural categories. By establishing the psychometric robustness of the SBPQ in collectivistic and individualistic youth samples, this study has opened the door for increased cross-cultural research into the antecedents, moderators, and outcomes of strength-based parenting.

Suggested Citation

  • Lea Waters & Marco Weber & Sholpan Alimova & Andrea Amado & Choy Qing Cham & Wei-Wen Chen & Ana Paula Durán & Rafael Gargurevich & Lyudmila Gitikhmayeva & Soi Kei Ho & Norhayati Ibrahim & Clarisse Ros, 2025. "Psychometric Evaluation of the Strength-Based Parenting Questionnaire and Comparison of Perceived Strength-Based Parenting in Collectivistic and Individualistic Cultures," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 26(7), pages 1-30, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jhappi:v:26:y:2025:i:7:d:10.1007_s10902-025-00930-3
    DOI: 10.1007/s10902-025-00930-3
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10902-025-00930-3
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s10902-025-00930-3?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jennifer E. Lansford & Susannah Zietz & Suha M. Al-Hassan & Dario Bacchini & Marc H. Bornstein & Lei Chang & Kirby Deater-Deckard & Laura Di Giunta & Kenneth A. Dodge & Sevtap Gurdal & Qin Liu & Qian , 2021. "Culture and Social Change in Mothers’ and Fathers’ Individualism, Collectivism and Parenting Attitudes," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-20, November.
    2. Fabian Gander & Jennifer Hofmann & René T. Proyer & Willibald Ruch, 2020. "Character Strengths – Stability, Change, and Relationships with Well-Being Changes," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 15(2), pages 349-367, April.
    3. Robert Biswas-Diener, 2006. "From the Equator to the North Pole: A Study of Character Strengths," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 7(3), pages 293-310, September.
    4. Lisa Wagner & Fabian Gander & René T. Proyer & Willibald Ruch, 2020. "Character Strengths and PERMA: Investigating the Relationships of Character Strengths with a Multidimensional Framework of Well-Being," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 15(2), pages 307-328, April.
    5. Rosseel, Yves, 2012. "lavaan: An R Package for Structural Equation Modeling," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 48(i02).
    6. Fabian Gander & René Proyer & Willibald Ruch & Tobias Wyss, 2013. "Strength-Based Positive Interventions: Further Evidence for Their Potential in Enhancing Well-Being and Alleviating Depression," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 14(4), pages 1241-1259, August.
    7. Lea E. Waters & Daniel Loton & Hayley K. Jach, 2019. "Does Strength-Based Parenting Predict Academic Achievement? The Mediating Effects of Perseverance and Engagement," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 20(4), pages 1121-1140, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Pedro Vazquez-Marin & Francisco Cuadrado & Isabel Lopez-Cobo, 2023. "Connecting Sustainable Human Development and Positive Psychology through the Arts in Education: A Systematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-23, January.
    2. Sun, Chaoran & Kwok, Sylvia Y.C.L., 2025. "The effectiveness of character strength intervention on severe mental illness in Hong Kong," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 368(C).
    3. Tammie Ronen & Dorit Kerret, 2020. "Promoting Sustainable Wellbeing: Integrating Positive Psychology and Environmental Sustainability in Education," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-19, September.
    4. Alan C. Logan & Brian M. Berman & Susan L. Prescott, 2023. "Vitality Revisited: The Evolving Concept of Flourishing and Its Relevance to Personal and Public Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-15, March.
    5. Tommaso Feraco & Nicole Casali & Chiara Meneghetti & Samuel Greiff & Giorgia Cona, 2023. "Is Good Character All that Counts? A Comparison Between the Predictive Role of Specific Strengths and a General Factor of “Good Character” Using a Bifactor Model," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 24(7), pages 2353-2376, October.
    6. Tommaso Feraco & Nicole Casali, 2025. "20 Years of Character Strengths: A Bibliometric Review," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 26(3), pages 1-22, March.
    7. Sonja Habenicht & Nicola S. Schutte, 2023. "The Impact of Recognizing a Romantic Partner’s Character Strengths on Relationship Satisfaction," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 1219-1231, March.
    8. Aljoscha Dreisoerner & Anamarija Klaic & Rolf Dick & Nina M. Junker, 2023. "Self-Compassion as a Means to Improve Job-Related Well-Being in Academia," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 409-428, February.
    9. Eleni Petkari & Margarita Ortiz-Tallo, 2018. "Towards Youth Happiness and Mental Health in the United Arab Emirates: The Path of Character Strengths in a Multicultural Population," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 19(2), pages 333-350, February.
    10. Md. Mominur Rahman & Bilkis Akhter, 2021. "The impact of investment in human capital on bank performance: evidence from Bangladesh," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 7(1), pages 1-13, December.
    11. César Merino-Soto & Gina Chávez-Ventura & Verónica López-Fernández & Guillermo M. Chans & Filiberto Toledano-Toledano, 2022. "Learning Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ-L): Psychometric and Measurement Invariance Evidence in Peruvian Undergraduate Students," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-17, September.
    12. Nathaniel Oliver Iotti & Damiano Menin & Tomas Jungert, 2022. "Early Adolescents’ Motivations to Defend Victims of Cyberbullying," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-9, July.
    13. Christoph Dworschak, 2024. "Bias mitigation in empirical peace and conflict studies: A short primer on posttreatment variables," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 61(3), pages 462-476, May.
    14. Andreea-Ionela Puiu & Anca Monica Ardeleanu & Camelia Cojocaru & Anca Bratu, 2021. "Exploring the Effect of Status Quo, Innovativeness, and Involvement Tendencies on Luxury Fashion Innovations: The Mediation Role of Status Consumption," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-18, May.
    15. Slupphaug, KJell & Mehmetoglu, Mehmet & Mittner, Matthias, 2024. "modsem: An R package for estimating latent interactions and quadratic effects," OSF Preprints h3rpw, Center for Open Science.
    16. Allen, Jaime & Muñoz, Juan Carlos & Ortúzar, Juan de Dios, 2019. "On evasion behaviour in public transport: Dissatisfaction or contagion?," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 626-651.
    17. Merkle, Edgar C. & Steyvers, Mark & Mellers, Barbara & Tetlock, Philip E., 2017. "A neglected dimension of good forecasting judgment: The questions we choose also matter," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 33(4), pages 817-832.
    18. Sai-fu Fung & Esther Oi-wah Chow & Chau-kiu Cheung, 2020. "Development and Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of a Brief Wisdom Development Scale," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-14, April.
    19. Zou, Yuxuan & Wang, Donggen, 2025. "Differences in the influence of the built environment and physical activity on obesity in urban and suburban contexts," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 372(C).
    20. repec:plo:pone00:0205222 is not listed on IDEAS
    21. Goran Calic & Moren Lévesque & Anton Shevchenko, 2024. "On why women-owned businesses take more time to secure microloans," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 63(3), pages 917-938, October.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:jhappi:v:26:y:2025:i:7:d:10.1007_s10902-025-00930-3. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.