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The Situational Meaning in Life Evaluation (SMILE): Development and Validation Studies

Author

Listed:
  • Michela Zambelli

    (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
    University of Genova)

  • Semira Tagliabue

    (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore)

Abstract

The present multi-study work presents a new self-report measure of meaning in life in the context of situational life experiences. Study 1 presents the development of the Situational Meaning in Life Evaluation (SMILE), a six-item measure that integrates the three content-dimensions (comprehension, significance and purpose) and the two process-dimensions (presence and search) of meaning in life. The scale is provided with a situational anchor that can be easily adapted to different event- and time-related situations. Two empirical studies examined the psychometric properties of the SMILE measure. Study 2 involved an Italian representative sample of 3035 individuals (51.6% female; Mage= 48.3, range= 18-91, SD= 14.03). Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported the theorized structure of the scale and provided evidence of good internal consistency collected with McDonald’s Omega, generalizability across gender and age was established by measurement invariance, and criterion validity evidence was obtained by correlations with measures of well-being. Study 3 was conducted on a sample of 283 Italian emerging and young adults (76% female; Mage= 26; range= 19-36; SD= 4.09). Results confirmed the SMILE’s structure and internal consistency and added evidence of convergent and incremental validity by conducting a series of hierarchical regressions to test the predictive power of the SMILE over the Meaning in Life Questionnaire on well-being measures. Findings provided evidence of the psychometric properties of the SMILE as a valid and reliable measure of situational meaning in life. Suggestions for future research are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Michela Zambelli & Semira Tagliabue, 2024. "The Situational Meaning in Life Evaluation (SMILE): Development and Validation Studies," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 25(1), pages 1-24, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jhappi:v:25:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1007_s10902-024-00730-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s10902-024-00730-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Anita Hubley & Bruno Zumbo, 2011. "Validity and the Consequences of Test Interpretation and Use," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 103(2), pages 219-230, September.
    2. To, Siu-ming, 2016. "Loneliness, the search for meaning, and the psychological well-being of economically disadvantaged Chinese adolescents living in Hong Kong: Implications for life skills development programs," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 52-60.
    3. Jian-Bin Li & Kai Dou & Yue Liang, 2021. "The Relationship Between Presence of Meaning, Search for Meaning, and Subjective Well-Being: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis Based on the Meaning in Life Questionnaire," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 22(1), pages 467-489, January.
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