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Risk and Marginalization in the Norwegian Welfare Society: a National Cohort Study of Child Welfare Involvement

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  • Trine Staer

    (University of Oslo)

Abstract

This study provided a comprehensive investigation of sociodemographic background characteristics of Norwegian families involved in child welfare services (CWS) during either of the two periods 1993–1999 or 2001–2007 and examined how the strong client growth over this period was accompanied by changes in client characteristics. Child welfare clients in two distinct age groups were considered: 0–5 and 13–18 years. Data were drawn from Norwegian longitudinal population registers, and records of CWS involvement for the period 1993–2007. Each birth cohort was evaluated for differences in sociodemographic background through the use of bivariate cross-tab analyses. The unique contribution of each background factor to the odds of CWS involvement was estimated through logistic regression. Separate regression models were constructed for child welfare involvement during pre-school years (0–5) and adolescence (13–18). The results indicated distinct sociodemographic differences between child welfare clients and the general child population throughout the sample and revealed that CWS involvement risk increased with single parent status, number of children born of the mother, low parental educational level, non-Western ethnic background, household income below the poverty line, low maternal age at first birth and age. The findings also indicated a distinct decrease in the statistical influence of most parental risk factors with increasing age and increasing, although relatively moderate differences between CWS clients and the general population from the first to the second period - above all in parental education and ethnic origin.

Suggested Citation

  • Trine Staer, 2016. "Risk and Marginalization in the Norwegian Welfare Society: a National Cohort Study of Child Welfare Involvement," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 9(2), pages 445-470, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:chinre:v:9:y:2016:i:2:d:10.1007_s12187-015-9319-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s12187-015-9319-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lee, Bong Joo & Goerge, Robert M., 1999. "Poverty, early childbearing, and child maltreatment: A multinomial analysis," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 21(9-10), pages 755-780.
    2. Dworsky, Amy & Courtney, Mark E. & Zinn, Andrew, 2007. "Child, parent, and family predictors of child welfare services involvement among TANF applicant families," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 29(6), pages 802-820, June.
    3. Simmel, Cassandra, 2010. "Why do adolescents become involved with the child welfare system? Exploring risk factors that affect young adolescents," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 32(12), pages 1831-1836, December.
    4. Putnam-Hornstein, Emily & Needell, Barbara, 2011. "Predictors of child protective service contact between birth and age five: An examination of California's 2002 birth cohort," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 33(8), pages 1337-1344, August.
    5. Needell, Barbara & Cuccaro-Alamin, Stephanie & Brookhart, Alan & Lee, Seon, 1999. "Transitions from AFDC to child welfare in California," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 21(9-10), pages 815-841.
    6. Putnam-Hornstein, Emily & Needell, Barbara, 2011. "Predictors of child protective service contact between birth and age five: An examination of California's 2002 birth cohort," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 33(11), pages 2400-2407.
    7. Berger, Lawrence M., 2004. "Income, family structure, and child maltreatment risk," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 26(8), pages 725-748, August.
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