IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/apjors/v4y2020i2d10.1007_s41685-019-00128-5.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Environmental disparities in an urban area, rural–urban migration, and urban unemployment

Author

Listed:
  • Azusa Nakamura

    (Gifu Shotoku Gakuen University)

Abstract

The environment is not always uniform for all of the residents of a specific region. This study explicitly incorporates this aspect into a general equilibrium model of rural–urban migration with urban unemployment. Pollution from the urban manufacturing sector is assumed to have a negative externality on urban residents’ utility. Moreover, this study assumes that in an urban area, the effects of pollution on employed and unemployed workers are different. Thus, disparities in the environment develop for the residents within that area. Rural–urban migration is assumed to occur according to a rural–urban difference in expected utilities. This study performs a comparative static analysis. It is shown that, in an urban area, a decrease in the effect of pollution on an employee (unemployed worker) increases his/her utility; however, it decreases an unemployed worker’s (employee’s) utility.

Suggested Citation

  • Azusa Nakamura, 2020. "Environmental disparities in an urban area, rural–urban migration, and urban unemployment," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 4(2), pages 463-477, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:apjors:v:4:y:2020:i:2:d:10.1007_s41685-019-00128-5
    DOI: 10.1007/s41685-019-00128-5
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s41685-019-00128-5
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s41685-019-00128-5?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Copeland, Brian R. & Taylor, M. Scott, 1999. "Trade, spatial separation, and the environment," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 47(1), pages 137-168, February.
    2. Li, Xiaochun & Xu, Yuanting & Wang, Dianshuang, 2014. "Environment and labor movement of skilled labor and unskilled labor between sectors," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 367-371.
    3. Ichiroh Daitoh, 2003. "Environmental Protection and Urban Unemployment: Environmental Policy Reform in a Polluted Dualistic Economy," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 7(3), pages 496-509, August.
    4. Makoto Tawada & Azusa Nakamura, 2009. "Environment and the Harris and Todaro Paradoxes," Springer Books, in: Takashi Kamihigashi & Laixun Zhao (ed.), International Trade and Economic Dynamics, pages 87-99, Springer.
    5. repec:bla:econom:v:42:y:1975:i:165:p:59-78 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Richa Kandpal & Izuru Saizen, 2019. "A study on institutional imbalances of the urban–rural governance framework in Mumbai Metropolitan Region, India," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 3(1), pages 137-154, February.
    7. Nobuhiro Okamoto, 2019. "Spatial and institutional urbanisation in China," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 3(3), pages 863-886, October.
    8. Shigemi Yabuuchi, 2013. "Tourism, the environment, and welfare in a dual economy," Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(2), pages 172-182, June.
    9. Azusa Nakamura, 2018. "Pollution from consumption and urban unemployment in a dual economy," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 2(1), pages 211-226, April.
    10. Takashi Kamihigashi & Laixun Zhao (ed.), 2009. "International Trade and Economic Dynamics," Springer Books, Springer, number 978-3-540-78676-4, December.
    11. Masaharu Nagashima, 2018. "A condition for the reduction of urban unemployment in the Harris–Todaro model," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 2(1), pages 243-255, April.
    12. Pan, Lijun & Zhou, Yu, 2013. "International factor mobility, environmental pollution and skilled–unskilled wage inequality in developing countries," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 826-831.
    13. Harris, John R & Todaro, Michael P, 1970. "Migration, Unemployment & Development: A Two-Sector Analysis," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 60(1), pages 126-142, March.
    14. Chi‐Chur Chao & Joe R. Kerkvliet & Eden S. H. Yu, 2000. "Environmental Preservation, Sectoral Unemployment, and Trade in Resources," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 4(1), pages 39-50, February.
    15. Makoto Tawada & Shuqin Sun, 2010. "Urban Pollution, Unemployment and National Welfare in a Dualistic Economy," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 14(2), pages 311-322, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Azusa Nakamura, 2018. "Pollution from consumption and urban unemployment in a dual economy," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 2(1), pages 211-226, April.
    2. Pengqing Zhang, 2019. "Skill formation, environmental pollution, and wage inequality," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 62(2), pages 405-424, April.
    3. Azusa Nakamura, 2013. "Special Issue. Guest Editor: Zhihao Yu," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 17(3), pages 585-593, August.
    4. Kuo‐Hsing Kuo & Shang‐Fen Wu & Cheng‐Te Lee, 2022. "The impact of environmental policy on wage inequality," International Journal of Economic Theory, The International Society for Economic Theory, vol. 18(4), pages 472-485, December.
    5. Pi, Jiancai & Zhang, Pengqing, 2017. "Foreign capital, pollution control, and wage inequality in developing countries," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 280-288.
    6. Sheng-Huei Ko & Kuo-Hsing Kuo & Cheng-Te Lee & Chen Fang, 2017. "Environmental Tax And Return Urban–Rural Migration," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 62(02), pages 447-458, June.
    7. Yuichi Furukawa & Kenji Kondoh & Shigemi Yabuuchi, 2019. "Tourism, Capital and Labor Inflows and Regional Development," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 25(2), pages 221-233, May.
    8. Yunyun Wu & Xiaochun Li, 2021. "International factor mobility and environment in a dual agricultural economy," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 66(1), pages 75-89, February.
    9. Ichiroh Daitoh & Nori Tarui, 2016. "Open-access Renewable Resources and Urban Unemployment: Dual Institutional Failures in a Small Open Economy," Keio-IES Discussion Paper Series 2016-009, Institute for Economics Studies, Keio University.
    10. Dianshuang Wang, 2019. "Manufacturing and agricultural pollution, private mitigation and wage inequality in the presence of pollution externalities," Agricultural Economics, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 65(2), pages 51-58.
    11. Xiaochun Li & Huanan Fu, 2023. "Agricultural producer service subsidies and agricultural pollution: An approach based on endogenous agricultural pollution," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(2), pages 1177-1198, May.
    12. Daitoh, Ichiroh & Tarui, Nori, 2022. "Open access renewable resources, urban unemployment, and the resolution of dual institutional failures," Environment and Development Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 27(4), pages 316-332, August.
    13. Kenzo Abe & Muneyuki Saito, 2016. "Environmental Protection in the Presence of Unemployment and Common Resources," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 20(1), pages 176-188, February.
    14. Li, Xiaochun & Fu, Huanan & Wu, Yunyun, 2020. "Pollution mitigation, unemployment rate and wage inequality in the presence of agricultural pollution," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    15. Pan, Lijun & Zhou, Yu, 2013. "International factor mobility, environmental pollution and skilled–unskilled wage inequality in developing countries," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 826-831.
    16. Chaudhuri, Sarbajit & Ghosh, Arnab & Banerjee, Dibyendu, 2018. "Can public subsidy on education necessarily improve wage inequality?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 165-177.
    17. repec:ebl:ecbull:v:6:y:2007:i:5:p:1-8 is not listed on IDEAS
    18. Yunyun Wu & Xiaochun Li, 2024. "Industrial technological progress, technology spillover, and the environment in a dual agricultural economy," International Journal of Economic Theory, The International Society for Economic Theory, vol. 20(2), pages 243-266, June.
    19. Pi, Jiancai & Zhang, Pengqing, 2018. "Skill-biased technological change and wage inequality in developing countries," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 347-362.
    20. M. Ali Khan, 2007. "The Harris-Todaro Hypothesis," Labor Economics Working Papers 22206, East Asian Bureau of Economic Research.
    21. Kuo†Hsing Kuo & Cheng†Te Lee & Shang†Fen Wu, 2018. "Environmental Policy And Labour Market Imperfection," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 70(2), pages 175-184, April.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Disparities in the environment; Urban unemployment; Rural–urban migration;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J64 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
    • O18 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure
    • R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:apjors:v:4:y:2020:i:2:d:10.1007_s41685-019-00128-5. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.